Transcript Cell Organelles

Cell Organelles
Learning Intentions:
1. Recognize the cell as
the basic unit of living
things.
2. Describe the structure
of a generalized plant
and
animal cell and describe
the functions of the
cellular components and
organelles.
Key words TXT
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Once you have
worked these out
find out what they
mean in your
books
The Cell
• Cells are the basic unit of living things
- All living things are made of 1 or more
cells
• Cells are tiny!
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/
Two general types of cell
Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
Before the Nucleus
The true Nucleus
Simple circular DNA chain
Folded DNA
No membrane bound organelles
Membrane bound organelles
Animal Cells
Do not have a regular shape
Some can alter their shape
eg. Phagocytes or amoeba
Contain some different organelles than
plants
Organelles
• This is the name given to the ‘organs’ of the cell.
• Each organelle has a particular role to play in
the cells function
• You will need to know:
Plasma Membrane
Ribosomes
Microvilli
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nucleus
Golgi Bodies
Vacuole
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Centrioles
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Cytoskeleton
http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cell
_structure/cell_structure.htm
Centrioles
Cytoskeleton
- Involved in cellular
division
- Paired cylindrical
organelles near nucleus
- Composed of nine tubes,
each with three tubules
- Composed of microtubules
- Supports cell and provides
shape
- Aids movement of
materials in and out of
cells
Golgi apparatus
- Protein packaging and transport
- A membrane structure found near nucleus
- Composed of numerous layers forming a sac
Endoplasmic reticulum
- Stores, separates, and
serves as cell's transport
system
- Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes
- Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in
surface
Lysosome
Mitochondria
- Digestive 'plant' for
proteins, lipids, and
carbohydrates
- Digests wastes and
Transports undigested
material to cell membrane
for removal
- Second largest organelle
- Double-layered outer
membrane with inner folds
called cristae
- Energy-producing
chemical reactions take
place on cristae
Ribosomes
Vacuoles
- Each cell contains
thousands
- Site of protein synthesis.
- Membrane-bound sacs
for storage, digestion, and
waste removal
- Contains water solution
- Contractile vacuoles for
water removal (in unicellular
organisms)
Cell Membrane
The outer covering of the cell consisting of a
lipid bilayer ( this means 2 layers of lipids) with
proteins embedded in it.
http://www.su
sanahalpine.
com/anim/Lif
e/memb.htm
You are to make your own cell using lollies
Draw a cell membrane on a piece of paper
Ribosomes:
Endoplasmic Reticulum:
Nucleus: Pineapple lump
Golgi Bodies:
Vacuole:
Lysosomes: baby apples
Mitochondria:
Centrioles
Cell wall
Cytoskeleton
Your task
Todays lesson
Identify plant cell organelles
Recap animal organelles
Prepare Yourself!
TEST Time
Slide 1…..
Slide 2….
Slide 4...
Slide 5…..
Nucleus
3 Parts:
1. Nuclear envelope: keeps shape of nucleus. Has pores to
allow some molecules in and out
2. Chromatin/ chromosomes: These are made of DNA.
Chromatin is the name when DNA is unwound.
Chromosomes when it is wound
3. Nucleolus: A round
circle. Seen when Cell is
not dividing. Produces
Ribosomes.
Plant cells
Hold a fixed shape
Enclosed in a cellulose wall
Have parts animal cells don’t
Cell Wall
Made of cellulose
Protects the cell
Supports cell and maintains shape
Limits cell volume preventing excessive water
uptake
Large vacuole
Filled with aqueous solution of ions
Very large
Storage of compounds
Waste disposal
Hold structure
Chloroplast
Contain chlorophyll
Used for photosynthesis
Thylakoids (flat discs) are stacked into piles. These piles
are called ‘Grana’.
Fluid is called stroma
Grana are connected
by ‘lamallae’
Root hair cell
Palisade cell
Guard cell
Pollen grain
Xylem and Phloem