Transcript Chapter 3 Powerpoint Cells

HOOKE
_____________
CORK
The first to
IDENTIFY
____________
cells. Responsible
NAMING
for ____________
them
LEEUWENHOEK _____________
SCHLEIDEN
SCHWANN
VIRCHOW
_____________
_____________
_____________
ANIMALCULES
Made better
LENSES
______________
and observed cells
in greater
DETAIL
______________.
First to observe
NUCLEUS
______________
RESPONSIBLE FOR CELL THEORY
The first to note Concluded that all
LIVING
___________
that
THINGS
___________
_____________
PLANTS
were made up of were made up of
CELLS
___________
CELLS
___________
Proposed that all
cells come from
OTHER
____________
__________
CELLS
ALL ORGANISMS ARE MADE OF CELLS
1. ___________________________________________________________
THE CELL IS THE MOST BASIC UNIT OF LIFE.
2. ___________________________________________________________
ALL EXISTING CELLS ARE PRODUCED BY OTHER LIVING CELLS
3. ___________________________________________________________
1st to see cell walls in cork tissue
Discovered the nucleus in plant cells
Said plants and animal tissues are composed of cells
All organisms are made of cells
The cell is the most basic unit of life
All existing cells are produced by other living cells
• Microscope
to…
Function
COMPOUND
LIGHTmicroscope Uses light.
______________
Magnifies up
1000X
__________
STEREO
40X
______________ microscope Light cannot pass. _________
DISSECTING
Also known as ______________
scope
______________
microscope Uses electrons
ELECTRON
COMPOUND LIGHT
STEREOSCOPE
500,000X
__________
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
LIGHT MICROSCOPE
eyepiece
Body Tube
Turrett
Arm
Focus Objective
Low Objective
Stage
High Power Objective
Stage Clips
Course Adjustment
Diaphragm
Fine Adjustment
Light Source
Base
1. EYEPIECE
2. BODYTUBE
3.
TURRETT
10.
ARM
4. LOW POWER OBJECTIVE
11.
5. HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE
12. STAGE CLIPS
6.
STAGE
13.COURSE ADJUSTMENT
7.
DIAPHRAGM
8. LIGHT SOURCE
9.
BASE
FOCUS OBJECTIVE
14. FINE ADJUSTMENT
The focus objective focuses __________
4X
10X
The low power objective focuses _______
40X
The high power objective focuses _______
Keep in mind, there is also a lens in the EYEPIECE
10X
that focuses __________
“ON TOP OF” the magnification
of the objective lenses.
TOTAL MAGNIFICATION
Therefore, _____________________________would
be:
OBJECTIVE
EYEPIECE
_______________
X _________________
Practice:
EYEPIECE X OBJECTIVE = TOTAL MAGNIFICATION
TOTAL MAGNIFICATION OF FOCUS POWER
10
4
40 X
__________
X __________
= ______________
TOTAL MAGNIFICATION OF LOW POWER
100 X
10 X X __________
10 X
__________
= ______________
TOTAL MAGNIFICATION OF HIGH POWER
__________
X __________
= ______________
10 X
40 X
400 X
Where you place
your eye.
Contains
______
ONE ______
LENS
that usually
magnifies
10x
______.
Tube that supports
EYE _______
PIECE
the ______
and connects it to the
TURRETT/NOSE
PIECE
_________________.
Holds the
SLIDE
_____________
in place
______________
LENSES
that
magnify objects to varying
“POWERS”
__________.
FOCUS OBJECTIVE:
SHORTEST LENS (4X)
_______________________
ONLY USED FOR SCANNING
_______________________
LOW POWER OBJECTIVE:
SMALL LENS (10 X)
_______________________
LOW MAGNIFYING POWER
_______________________
HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE:
_______________________
LONGEST LENS (40 X)
HIGH MAGNIFYING POWER
_______________________
Knobs that make adjustments
FOCUS
to the ______________
Supports the
MICROSCOPE
_____________
COURSE ADJUSTMENT
MAKES LARGE ADJUSTMENTS
_________________________
USED WITH FOCUS AND
_________________________
LOW POWER OBJECTIVES
_________________________
FINE ADJUSTMENT
MAKES SMALL ADJUSTMENTS
_________________________
USED WITH HIGH POWER
_________________________
_________________________
OBJECTIVE ONLY
Directs light up
through the
DIAPHRAGM and
______________
through the
SPECIMEN
______________
so
that it may be
VIEWED
______________
Supports the
SLIDE/SPECIMEN
__________________
Also known as the
TURRETT
_______________.
It is the
rotating device that holds the
LENSES
OBJECTIVES (_________).
_____________/
An adjustable
OPENING
________________
under
the stage, allowing different
__________
AMOUNTS of __________
LIGHT
onto the stage.
_____________________________________________________________
arm - this
attaches the eyepiece and body tube to the base.
base _____________________________________________________________
- this supports the microscope.
body tube
- the tube that supports the eyepiece.
__________________________________________________________
coarse focus adjustment - a___________________________________________
knob that makes large
adjustments to the focus.
diaphragm - an
adjustable opening under the stage, allowing
____________________________________________________
different amounts of light onto the stage.
eyepiece________________________________________________________
- where you place your eye.
fine focus adjustment - a_____________________________________________
knob that makes small adjustments
to the focus (it is often smaller than the coarse focus knob).
high-power objective - a______________________________________________
large lens with high magnifying power.
inclination joint - an adjustable joint that lets the arm tilt at
various angles.
low-power objective - a small lens with low magnifying power.
mirror (or light source)_______________________________________________
- this directs light upwards onto the
slide.
_____________________________________________
revolving nosepiece - the rotating device that holds the
_______________________________________________
objectives (lenses).
stage - the platform on which a slide is placed.
stage
clips - metal clips that hold a slide securely onto the
__________________________________________________________
stage.
____________________________________________________
arm - this attaches the eyepiece and body tube to the base.
base - this supports the microscope.
body tube - the tube that supports the eyepiece.
coarse focus adjustment - a knob that makes large adjustments to
the focus.
diaphragm - an adjustable opening under the stage, allowing different
amounts of light onto the stage.
eyepiece - where you place your eye.
fine focus adjustment - a knob that makes small adjustments to the
focus (it is often smaller than the coarse focus knob).
high-power objective - a large lens with high magnifying power.
inclination joint - an adjustable joint that lets the arm tilt at various
angles.
low-power objective - a small lens with low magnifying power.
mirror (or light source) - this directs light upwards onto the slide.
revolving nosepiece - the rotating device that holds the objectives
(lenses).
stage - the platform on which a slide is placed.
stage clips - metal clips that hold a slide securely onto the stage.
http://www.johnkyrk.com/CellIndex.html
_________________________________________________
The outer most side of an animal cell, that gives the cell shape
_________________________________________________
and holds in cytoplasm.
_________________________________________________
(Also contains pores to allow some particles to move in and
_________________________________________________
out of the cell.)
CELL
_______________
MEMBRANE
_______________
The
clear, jellylike material between the cell membrane
____________________________________________
and the nucleus that makes up most of the cell
____________________________________________
(Most of all cell activity occurs here.)
____________________________________________
CYTOPLASM
_______________
The control center of the cell.
___________________________________________________
Parts of the Nucleus:
_________________________________________________
Nuclear Membrane: The membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
__________________________________
Nuclear Pores: allow
some particles to move in and out of the nucleus
__________________________________
Nucleolus
__________________________________
Chromosomes
__________________________________
NUCLEUS
_______________
The membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
________________________________________
Nuclear Membrane in Green
NUCLEAR
_______________
MEMBRANE
_______________
NUCLEAR
_______________
PORES
_______________
__________________________________________
Thread-like cell parts with information that
__________________________________________
determines what traits a living thing will have.
Nuclear Membrane in Red
CHROMOSOMES
_______________
HELPS MAKE RIBOSOMES.
________________________________________
NUCLEOLUS
_______________
Responsible for supplying ENERGY to the cell.
_________________________________________________________________________
MITOCHONDRIA
____________
Helps
digest, (break down), waste materials of cell.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
LYSOSOMES
____________
Packages materials for the cell.
_______________________________________
______________
GOLGI
______________
APPARATUS
___________________________________________________
Moves cell materials from cell membrane to nuclear
_____________________________________
membrane and visa versa.
____________________________________________
(Can usually find ribosomes on this network.)
ENDOPLASMIC
_______________
RETICULUM
_______________
MAKES PROTEINS FOR THE BODY.
_____________________________________
FOUND ON ENDOPLASMICE RETICULUM AND
____________________________________________________
THROUGHOUT CYTOPLASM
_________________________________________
RIBOSOMES
_______________
Parts of an ANIMAL cell that help with cell REPRODUCTION
____________________________________________
Stores food and water for cell
_______________________________________
ANIMAL CELL
Contains many small vacuoles
____________________________
PLANT CELL
_____________________________
Contains one large “central
_____________________________
vacuole that takes up most of
_____________________________
the space inside of a plant cell
VACUOLE
________
The outer most side of an plant cell, (surrounds the cell
_______________________________________________________
membrane), that gives the cell structure, and a specific shape.
_______________________________________________________
(More rigid than cell membrane.)
_______________________________________________________
______
CELL
______
WALL
The
____________________________________________
plant cell parts that contain the green pigment,
____________________________________________
chlorophyll, which are responsible for
____________________________________________
producing food.
______________________
CHLOROPLASTS
Label the organelles of this animal cell.
1. NUCLEOLUS
_________________
2. NUCLEUS
_________________
3. RIBOSOMES
_________________
4. VESICLE
_________________
5. ROUGH
_________________
ER
6. GOLGI
_________________
BODIES
7. CELL
_________________
MEMBRANE
8. SMOOTH
_________________
ER
9. MITOCHONDRIA
_________________
10. VACUOLE
_________________
11. CYTOPLASM
_________________
12. LYSOSOME
_________________
13. CENTRIOLES
_________________
2. ____________
3. ____________
1. ____________
8. ____________
4. ____________
7. ____________
6. ____________
5. ____________
1._____________
2._____________
3._____________
12.__________
4._____________
5._________
6._________
7.________
9._____________
8._____________
12._______
10.___________
11.___________
3._________
1.____________
2.____________
4._________
6._________
5._________
7._________
8._________
9._________
10.___________
12.___________
11.___________
2._________________
1._____________
3.__________
4.______________
5.______________
6.________________
7._________________
1._____________
2.____________
3.____________
4.____________
10.____________
5._____________
6._____________
9.____________
7.____________
8.____________
2._______________ 3._______________
4.______________
1._______________
5._______________
6._______________
7._______________
8._______________
2.__________________
1.__________________
12.__________________
3._______________
4.______________
11.__________________
10.__________________
5._______________
9.__________________
8.__________________
7.__________________
6.__________________
11._____________________
10.___________
9._____________________
1.
_________
8.
______________________
7.
______________________
6.
______________________
5.
______________________
3.
_______________
2.
____________
4.
______________________
1.
_____________
2.
_____________
12.
_____________
11.
_____________
10.
_____________
9.
_____________
3.
_____________
8.
_____________
7.
_____________
6.
________________
4.
_____________
5.
_____________
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ___________
11. __________
4. __________
5. ___________
6. ___________
7. ___________
10. ____________
8. _________
9. ____________________
1. ____________________
10. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________
9. ____________________
4. ____________________
8. ____________________
5. ____________________
7. ____________________
6. ____________________
List the cell organelles that are “shared” by both animal and plant cells on
the lines in the middle column. List the organelles that are specialized
parts in the boxes indicated.
ANIMAL CELL
PLANT CELL
Plant Cell Differences from
Animal Cell…
• Cell Wall: Made of cellulose are only found
around plant cells. Allows plants to grow to
great heights while still allowing the plant
to keep it’s shape.
• Chloroplasts: conduct photosynthesis;
absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction
with water and carbon dioxide gas to
produce food for the plant.
• Vacuole: stores food, water, and minerals
• Cell membrane: controls what moves into and out of the cell
• Nucleus: regulates ALL cell activity, commands the cell.
• Chromosomes: In the nucleus of each cell, made up of DNA,
thread like structures tightly coiled, determines what traits a
living thing will have
• Ribosomes: Cell part where proteins are made. (Proteinsbuilding block to life, a sequence of amino acids)
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Appears rough b/c ribosomes
are embedded in it’s membrane. RER- transport chemicals
between and within the cell
• Digestive Sac: Destroys worn out parts, gets rid of
• Mitochondria: are the cell's power producers. They convert
energy into forms that are usable by the cell.
• Golgi: packages proteins inside the cell before they are sent to
their destination
• Centrioles: All animal cells have 2, they help in reproduction
Can you label the following animal
cell?
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Digestive Sac
Nuclear
membrane
Cytoplasm
Golgi
Ribosomes
Your Turn!
Label and Color Your Own Animal Cell
Work Sheet!
Activity: Label Animal Cell Worksheet
Your Turn!
Label and Color Your Own Animal Cell
Work Sheet!
Activity: Label Plant Cell Worksheet
Can you label the following
plant cell?
SER: packages proteins
Amyloplast: Transforms glucose into
starch
Cytoplasm: Fluid that fills a cell
To get an idea of how a cell works, compare it to a city. Both a city and a cell act as their own environments, with many parts
working together. Parts of the cell are like parts of the city. In some ways, cell parts and city parts are alike in the way they
work.
Try to figure out which parts of the cell are like which parts of the city. First, write the functions of he cells parts listed below.
Then, look at the list of parts of a city. Think about how each part of the city works. Finally, next to each cell part, write the
letter that goes with the part of the city that has the most similar function
Parts of a city
a. Power plant
b. Fence around the city with gates
c. Streets
d.
e. City hall with planning department
f. Warehouse
Wrecking company
g. Storage company
h. factories
1. ______ Cell Membrane function: _______________________________________
2. ______ Nucleus function: ____________________________________________
3. ______ Endoplasmic Reticulum function: ________________________________
4. ______ Ribosomes function: __________________________________________
5. ______ Golgi Bodies function: _________________________________________
6. ______ Mitochondria function: _________________________________________
7. ______ Lysosomes function: __________________________________________
8. ______ Vacuoles function: ____________________________________________
Comparing a cell to a town…
• Cell membrane= compared to a town fence or
border- controlling what comes into or out of a
town/cell
• Cell nucleus= the town’s police stationregulating all activity in the town
• Chromosomes= a town’s blueprints found in the
police station, blueprints to the town
• RER= An airport-transports
• Digestive Sacs= Trash men- gets rid of wastes
• Mitochondria= The gym-energy
• Golgi=Post Office-packages
Transport across Cell Membrane’s…
• The cell membrane has the property of selective permeabilitymeaning it allows some but not all materials to cross over the
membrane into the cell.
• Passive transport: the movement of molecules across a cell
membrane without energy input from the cell.
• Facilitated transport: the diffusion of molecules across a membrane
through protein.
• Active transport: drives molecules across a membrane from a region
of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
A cell may also use energy to move a large substance or a
large amount of a substance in vesicles. Transport in
vesicles lets substances enter or exit a cell without crossing
through the membrane.
Endocytosis: taking liquids into a cell by engulfing them in
a membrane. The cell membrane makes a pocket around
the substance, the pocket breaks off inside the cell and
forms a vesicle which then fuses with a lysosome.
Lysosome breaks it down and it is released into the cell.
Phagocytosis: a type of endocytosis in
which the cell membrane engulfs large
particles.
Exocytosis: it is the release of substances
out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with
the membrane.
Diffusion
Diffusion Video
Diffusion:
Movement of molecules from a high
concentration to a low
concentration
Osmosis
Osmosis video
Osmosis: The movement of water across the cell membrane
a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a
semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a
more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each
side of the membrane.
**When there are more water molecules outside the cell, they move
into the cell. When there are more water molecules inside the cell, they
move out!**
Organization
CellTissueOrganOrgan System
Organism
Cells from intestineconnective
tissuesmall intestinedigestive
systemhuman
A group if cells makes up a
tissue, a group of tissues make
up an organ, a group of organs
make up an organ system…