Transcript Cell Structure & Function

Life is Cellular
SPI.1.1 Identify the cellular organelles
associated with major cell processes.
SPI.1.2 Distinguish between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells.
The Cell Theory
• All living things are composed of cells
• Cells are the basic units of structure
& function in living things
• New cells are produced from existing
cells
Prokaryotic Vs. Eukaryotic
• Prokaryotic
– No Nucleus
– No
Membrane
Covered
Organelles
– Circular DNA
• Eukaryotic
–Nucleus
–Membrane
covered
organelles
–Linear DNA
Prokaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
Two Types of Eukaryotic Cells
• Animal
–Cell
membrane
–Mitochondria
–Small to no
vacuole
• Plant
–Cell wall &
membrane
–Chloroplast &
Mitochondria
–Large Vacuole
Eukaryotic Components
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Cell Membrane (& Cell Wall)
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria (& Chloroplast)
Golgi Complex
Vesicle
Vacuole
Lysosome
Cell Membrane
• Made of phospholipids
–Hydrophobic vs. Hydrophilic
Cell Membrane
• Functions:
–Keep in cytoplasm
–Allow in nutrients
–Excrete waste
Cell Wall
• Found in plants and algae
• Made of cellulose
–Carb
Cell Wall
• Functions
–Strength
–Support
• Prevents the
tearing of the
cell membrane
Nucleus
• Functions:
–Control center
–Stores genetic info
–Instructs protein synthesis
• Contains DNA
• Contains Nucleolus
–Make ribosomes
Ribosomes
• Makes proteins
–Proteins = amino acids
• Smallest organelle
• No membrane
–Made of RNA
Cytoskeleton
• Network of filaments & tubes that
cross in the cytosol
• Functions
–Give shape (tent)
–Tracks to move items
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• AKA – ER
• Functions as the
intracellular highway
• Two types
–Rough ER
–Smooth ER
Rough ER
• Flattened sacs covered with ribosomes
• Produces:
–Phospholipids
–Proteins
• Most abundant:
–Digestive
–Antibody producing
Smooth ER
• No ribosomes on surface
• Less than rough ER
• Functions
–Produces estrogen & testosterone
–Detoxifies in liver & kidney
Chloroplast
• Plants and algae
• Contains chlorophyll
–Traps sunlight
• Performs photosynthesis
Mitochondria
• Where most of the ATP is produced
–Produced in the inner membrane
–ATP= energy
–Needs oxygen
Endosymbiotic Theory
• Mitochondria & chloroplast originated from a
symbiotic relationship b/t prokaryotic &
eukaryotic cells
• Prokaryotic cells
–Mitochondria = aerobic bacteria
–Chloroplast = cyanobacteria
Endosymbiotic Theory
• Evidence
–Own DNA
–Double membrane
–Binary Fission (independent)
–Size
–Own ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
• Process and ships out proteins & other
materials out of the cell
• Close to cell membrane
• Modify the ER products
–Add carb labels =
direction to other cells
Lysosomes
• Special vesicles that contain
enzymes
• Originate from Golgi
• Functions
–Break down carbs, lipids, & proteins
from food
–Destroy worn out organelles
–Rid cell of waste
Vacuoles
• Store water for the cell
• Large in plant cells
–Supports the cell
• Wilting