Transcript Life is happening everywhere, even if we can`t see it.

Life is happening
everywhere, even if
we can’t see it.
Eukaryotic Cell
 Two main parts
 Nucleus
 Cytoplasm
Nucleus
 The control center of
the cell
 The nucleus contains
the cell’s DNA and,
with it, the coded
instructions for
making proteins and
other important
molecules.
Nucleus Continued
 The nucleus is surrounded
by a nuclear envelope with
thousands of nuclear
pores, which allow
materials to enter and
leave.
 Chromosomes carry the
cell’s genetic information
and are also found in the
nucleus.
Nucleus Continued
 Chromatin is a less
condensed form of
chromosomes.
 The nucleolus is a
small dense region in
the nucleus where
ribosomes are
formed.
Organelles That Store,
Clean Up, and Support
 Vacuoles
 Lysosomes
 Cytoskeleton
Vacuoles
 A place to store things
 Large, saclike, membrane-enclosed
structures.
 Vacuoles store materials like water, salts,
proteins, and carbohydrates.
Vesicles
 Vesicles store and move materials
between cell organelles, as well as to
and from the cell surface.
 Smaller membrane-enclosed structures.
Lysosomes
 The organelle that digests food particles,
wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders.
 They are vesicles filled with digestive
enzymes.
 Destroy worn-out or damaged organelles.
 Carries digestive enzymes to vesicles or
engulfs particles.
Cytoskeleton
 A web of proteins in the cytoplasm.
 Keeps the cell membrane from
collapsing.
 Acts as both a muscle and a skeleton.
Cytoskeleton Continued
 The cytoskeleton made of protein fibers,
helps a cell retain its shape, move in its
environment, and move its organelles.
Cytoskeleton “Weird”
Parts
Organelles That Build
Proteins
 Ribosomes
 Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Golgi Apparatus
 Proteins are crucial for our bodies
 Catalyze chemical reactions
 Make important structures in the cell
Ribosomes
 Proteins are assembled on ribosomes.
 Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and
protein.
 They are the smallest organelle and do not
have a membrane.
 They are the one organelle in Prokaryotes.
 Sometimes they are floating freely around the
cell or are attached to the Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum.
 There are more ribosomes in a cell than any
other organelles.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
System of Folded Membranes
 Rough ER
 Close to the Nucleus
 Ribosomes are
attached to the Rough
ER
 Packages proteins
and sends them to
the Golgi apparatus in
vesicles.
 Smooth ER
 No ribosomes are
attached to it.
 Makes lipids
 Breaks down toxic
materials
Golgi Apparatus
 Proteins produced in the Rough ER
move to the Golgi Apparatus.
 In the Golgi, lipids and proteins are
modified, sorted, and packaged.
 A part of the Golgi membrane breaks off
to form a small vesicle and the vesicle
transports it to other parts of the cell.
Organelles That Capture
and Release Energy
 Chloroplasts
 Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
 Found in plant cells and some protists.
 Capture energy from sunlight and convert
it into food.
 Chloroplasts have two membranes.
Mitochondria
 Mitochondria breaks down sugar into
energy.
 The energy released is stored in ATP.
 The cell uses ATP to do work.
 The Mitochondria has two membranes.
 The Mitochondria has its own DNA.
Cellular Boundaries
 Cell Wall
 Cell Membrane
Cell Walls
 Cell walls are found in plant cells, in
fungi, in some protists, and in some
prokaryotes.
 Cell walls lie outside the cell membrane.
 Cell walls provide strength and protection
and are porous.
Cell/Plasma Membrane
 Selectively Permeable
 Fluid Mosaic Model