Transcript Weatherford Monitoring

Oil & Gas Downhole Sensing Challenges and
Solutions
KTN Event : Sensing in Extreme Environments
Introducing OmniWell™
Permanent Production and Reservoir Monitoring
Mario Toro – Production Optimization Solutions Weatherford
London, 7th May 2015
Weatherford
Weatherford are a Global provider of Oil and Gas products and services and are located in over 120
Countries, here in the UK we have locations in London, Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Great Yarmouth, East
Grinstead, Inverness, Arbroath, Dorchester, Tewksbury and Plymouth (UK 1800 staff)
We have over 135 different Product lines and 56,000 Employees split into 4 main groups –
Formation Evaluation
Well Construction
Completion & Stimulation
Production Optimisation
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Purpose
Weatherford supports the sustainable development and production of oil and gas resources, wherever
they exist, to ensure the world’s current and future energy needs can be met safely, efficiently and
economically
Weatherford Monitoring
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Over 50 countries and 300 people
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Over 500 permanent monitoring installations per year:
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15-20% optic, 75-80% electronic systems
~4 million feet of Downhole cable per year
Install circa 800 P/T gauges per year
Premium monitoring (optics, quartz) ~50-50% land-offshore , 8 Subsea installs
Oil & Gas Downhole Sensing Challenges
Production and Reservoir Monitoring : Intelligent Wells
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Sandface monitoring
Artificial Lift
Heavy oil / Thermal recovery
HPHT applications (up to 300 Deg C)
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Shale/ Multi stage fracking
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Borehole and Microseismic monitoring
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Subsea monitoring
What is OmniWell Monitoring?
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Weatherford’s solution and technology platform for permanent
downhole monitoring
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Full suite of electrical & optical sensors
Best-in-class optical sensors
Proven track record
Experienced operational teams
Real-time data acquisition
Production optimization software and consulting services
Complete data integration solutions
Right data, right time, right decisions
OmniWell Sensing System
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Electronic sensing systems
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Pressure, temperature and vibration sensing
Up to 200°C and 25 kpsi
Over 6,500 gauges installed worldwide
Over 210 Quartz installations (start 2008)
Optical sensing
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Pressure/temperature gauges
Multi-point temperature arrays
Full bore downhole multiphase Flowmeter
Multi-component in-well seismic
Distributed temperature sensing
Up to 572°F (300°C) and 30,000 psi (2,068 bar)
Over 6,000 discrete sensors installed downhole
Why Optical Permanent Monitoring Systems?
High Reliability
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No Downhole Electronics
No Moving Parts
Nominal Part Count
Ideally Suited For Harsh Environments
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High Temperature Capability
Vibration and Shock Tolerant
High Data Transmission Capability
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Multiple Sensors on Common Fiber Infrastructure
Technological Advances Driven by Telecom
Rigorously Qualified
Field Proven
What are Fiber Bragg Gratings?
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Interfering UV laser beams inscribe FBG on core of
optical fiber
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FBG is wavelength- (color-) specific reflector
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Applied strain changes FBG reflective wavelength
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Package FBG so that measured quantity strains
FBG
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Surface instrument detects associated wavelength
shift
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Calibration algorithm converts wavelength to
measurement
Notable Milestones along the way…
WORLD-FIRST DOWNHOLE FIBER OPTIC INSTALLATIONS
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1996
1999
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First In-well Optical P/T Gauge
First Subsea Optical P/T Gauge
First In-well Bragg Grating P/T Gauge
First In-well Fiber Optic Seismic Accelerometer
First Non-intrusive In-well Fiber Optic Flowmeter
Optical P/T Gauge and DTS in Single Completion
Multiple Optical P/T Gauges in Single Completion
Full 3-phase Fiber Optic Flowmeter with P/T Gauges
Multi-zone Optical P/T Gauges and Remote Flow Control
Multi-zone Optical P/T Gauges and Flowmeters with Remote Flow Control
Casing-conveyed, Multi-station, Seismic with P/T Gauge
Multiple Optical P/T Gauges and DTS Integrated with Sand Control
First Offshore Permanent Seismic Arrays
First High Density/Ultra High Temperature LxData 40 Point System Installed for SAGD
First Subsea Optical system for Array Temperature Sensing
First Ultra High Temperature LxData 40 Point Temperature Array with Integrated Pressure/Temperature System installed in SAGD
First combined ATS + DTS system for Sandface Monitoring
FBG Temperature arrays operating at 280°C (SAGD application)
First combined offshore Flowmeters, P/T and DAS (3rd Party)
First offshore DAS (3rd Party) concurrent Multi-well Seismic survey (WFT Cable)
First Subsea PT, DTS and ATS (using subsea OCH)
First Single Cable 120 Point LxData ATS system deployed in SAGD
First Multizone Subsea P/T, Flow and DTS (Fibre in umbilical)
Optical Sensing – Rapid Adoption, Improved
Reliability
Optical Sensors Installed Cumulative
6000
5000
Installations
Sensors
Optical Sensing Systems Success Rate
100.0%
80.0%
4000
60.0%
3000
40.0%
2000
20.0%
1000
0.0%
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600 installations, 6000 optical sensors and 5.6M metres of fiber installed to date.
* Data current as of June 2013
OmniWell Technology
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Glass CaneTM Bragg Grating Sensors
– HPHT CanePTTM gauges and CaneATSTM Array Temperature Sensing (ATS)
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LxDATATM Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors
– Slimline LxPTTM Gauges and LxATSTM Array Temperature Sensing (ATS)
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Interferometric Acoustic Sensors
– Single and Multiphase RheosTM Flowmeters and ClarionTM Seismic Accelerometers
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Distributed Sensing
– Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS, ATS, DAS)
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Electronic Pressure/Temp Monitoring
– Silicon on Insulator Strain and Resonating Shear Quartz
Optical Sensing Configurations
Temperature measurements along the well can be attained by several
techniques.
Point sensor
PT
Single sensor location
Distributed sensor
DTS
Continuous sensor
Quasi-distributed sensor
ATS
Multiple sensor locations
Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS)
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Monitoring Application
– Thermal profile of well
– Production and injection profiling
– Monitor water, gas, steam breakthrough
– Identify well problems (Leak detection)
– Gas lift monitoring
– Wax, Paraffin and hydrate formation monitoring
– Perforation effectiveness & completion integrity
Installed in over 261 wells (262 sensors) worldwide
Variety of DTS instrumentation available
Single Mode (275°C) & Multi Mode (175°C)
Temperature
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2400
2800
Perforated Interval
3200
DTS Well Profile
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Array Temperature Sensing (ATS)
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Applications:
– Determination of wellbore fluid flow rates
– Characterization of contribution of oil, water,
and gas to the production stream
– Monitoring of water and steam injection
performance
– Detection of water or gas for breakthrough
– Seamless integration with other Weatherford
optical sensors
– Intelligent wells
– Subsea wells, where reliability and longevity
are crucial
Array
Temperature
Sensor
Temperature
Sensor
Array
Leveraging Proven Monolithic
Glass Waveguide Technology
DAS (Distributed Acoustic Sensing)
Distributed Sensor
Fiber = Continuous Acoustic Sensor
• DAS uses a (downhole) fibre to monitor the acoustic field continuously
along its length
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Spatial resolution:
Range:
Frequency Range:
Sensitivity:
Dynamic range:
Update time:
1 or 10m
2km, 10km, >40km
0.1Hz – 20kHz (depends on range)
60 dBA*
> 90 dB
< 1 second
Distributed Acoustic Sensing
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Acoustic measurements along fiber
– Mainly single mode
Weatherford cable is “DAS capable”
– Multiple case studies presented
Key Applications
– Noise and vibration monitoring
– Gas flow measurement
– Seismic imaging
Challenges
– Large amount of data (terabytes)
– Expensive surface instrumentation
– Sensor performance uncertainties
SPE 149602
EAGE 2012, Copenhagen, Madsen, et al
Optical Flowmeter
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Applications
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Full bore, non-intrusive, no moving parts
No downhole electronics, sensor isolated
Liquid, gas, or multiphase
Real-time, High accuracy:
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Direct Determination of Productivity Index
Zonal production allocation
Reduce surface well tests and surface facilities
Commingled production
Identify production anomalies on real time
single-phase ±1%, multiphase ±5%
Zero drift
Bi-directional flow rate
76 wells install run worldwide
Flowmeter Functionality
SOS
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Clarion™ Seismic System
Life of Well™ Borehole Seismic
Development and production environment
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Tubing or casing conveyed
3-C SENSOR
Production, injection and monitor wells
High resolution capabilities of in-well seismic
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Time-lapse (4D) VSP imaging
Continuous seismic monitoring
Microseismic, seismic while drilling
RUGGEDIZED
SENSOR CARRIER
SENSOR
MANDREL
• High Performance
– Broad bandwidth, high sensitivity and wide
dynamic range
ARRAY SPOOLING UNIT
Surface Seismic
NE
SW
– 3-component accelerometer
– Combines with optical PT, DTS & Flow
Time (ms)
Depth (m/msl)
• 10 wells (48 sensors) installed
• Standard Weatherford optical backbone
500
Top Reservoir
GWC
Base
Reservoir
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• Optical Seismic Sensors
IZA 102
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- 150
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In-Well Seismic (Fiber Optic)
SW
NE
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Permanent Seismic Applications
4D Surface
Seismic
Calibration
Reservoir
Imaging
On demand high
resolution
imaging of
target horizon
or horizons and
fluid interfaces
Microseismic
Monitoring
Map naturally
occurring
fractures
caused by
formation
subsidence or
fluid migration
Help link 4D
surveys
together and to
borehole data
OVERBURDEN
OVERBURDEN
RESERVOIR
RESERVOIR
Hydraulic
Fracture
Mapping
RESERVOIR
Drill Bit
Monitoring &
Connectivity
Mapping
Map induced
fractures during
stimulation
operations
OVERBURDEN
OVERBURDEN
Seismic
While
Drilling
Look Ahead
Detect and
evaluate signals
generated by
nearby drilling
OVERBURDEN
RESERVOIR
Update “seismic”
position of the bit
and reduce
uncertainty in
depth prediction
of key formations
in real time
OVERBURDEN
RESERVOIR
RESERVOIR
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Optical Cable
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Designed for life-of-well reliability
HP/HT applications
– 25,000 psi (1,700 bar)
– 347°F (177°C)
– 572°F (300°C)
Up to 3 fibers for multiple measurements
– Single mode and multimode
– > 3 fibers for 212°F (150°C)
Supports all Weatherford optical sensor types
– Bragg grating sensors, DTS
Proven hydrogen and fluid resistance
– Hydrogen resistant fiber
– Hydrogen protective barrier
Standard ¼” cable installation procedures
4 Fibre available for Specialist installations
Over 5.6 Million meters installed worldwide
Flexible Sensor Systems Configurations
Each optical fiber can support a wide variety of monitoring combinations to meet application requirements.
The ability to multi-drop sensors on a single fiber is key to monitoring applications. (3 or 4 fibres in cable)
Single Mode
4 x P/T
Single Mode
1 x P/T
12 x CaneATS
Single Mode
18 x ATS
Single Mode
1 x Flow
2 x P/T
Single Mode
1 x PT
40 x LxATS
Multi Mode
Single Mode
DTS
DTS
Thank you !
Introducing OmniWell™
Permanent Production and Reservoir Monitoring
Mario Toro – Production Optimization Solutions Weatherford
London, 7th May 2015