Transcript Cells
Cell Structure and Function
KWL - The Cell
What do you
know?
What do you
want to know?
What have you
learned?
Foldable
Fold your piece of paper in half length
wise.
You will need to cut the piece of paper like
the model, so that you have enough slices
for the following words:
Prokaryote, Eukaryote, Nucleus, Nuclear
Envelope, Nucleolus, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER), Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes,
Vacuoles, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts,
Cytoskeleton, Cell Membrane, and Cell Wall
Human Epidermis – Animal cells
Staphylococcus epidermis
Cardiac (heart) Muscle
Stems
Leaves
Amoeba proteus
Root tip
What are some similarities and differences
that you observed by looking at a variety
of cells?
Explain: Cells
History of the cell
In 1665, Robert Hooke
was the first to view
cells from cork (dead
plant material). He
called them “cells”
because they looked like
tiny rooms.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
saw tiny living organisms
in water in 1675.
In 1838, Matthias Schleiden determined
that plants are made up of cells.
In 1839, Theodor Schwann determined
that animals are made up of cells.
In 1855, Rudolf Virchow concluded that
new cells are produced from the division
of existing cells.
The Cell Theory
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure
and function in living things.
New cells are produced from existing
cells.
Prokaryotes
Usually small and simple
Genetic material (DNA)
is not contained in a
nucleus
The ONLY prokaryotes
in the world are
BACTERIA.
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotes
Usually larger and more
complex than
prokaryotes.
May be unicellular like
an amoeba or
multicellular like a plant
Contain dozens of
specialized structures
called organelles.
Includes protists, fungi,
plants and animals.
Eukaryotic cell structure
Two major parts:
Nucleus
Cytoplasm-portion of the cell outside the
nucleus
Eukaryotic cells
Nucleus-The control center
Function:
Contains almost all of the cell’s DNA for
coding proteins and other molecules.
DNA is found on chromosomes which contain
genetic information.
Nucleus-The control center
Structure:
Surrounded by a double
membrane called a
nuclear envelope. It is
dotted with many pores
(holes) to allow materials
(RNA, proteins, etc) in
and out of the nucleus.
Small internal region
called a nucleolus where
ribosomes are made.
Ribosomes
Function:
Site of protein
assembly.
Structure:
Small pieces of RNA
and protein found
throughout the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Function:
Site where lipid parts of
cell membrane are made,
along with proteins and
other materials to export
from the cell.
Structure:
Rough ER- has ribosomes
on surface to assemble
proteins
Smooth ER-NO ribosomes
on surface
Golgi Apparatus
Function:
Modify, sort, and
package proteins and
other materials from
the ER for storage in
the cell or release
from the cell. It puts
the finishing touches
on proteins.
Structure:
Stack of closely
packed membranes
Lysosomes-The Clean Up Crew
Function:
Breakdown of lipids,
carbohydrates and
proteins into small
molecules to be used by
the rest of the cell
Breakdown used up
organelles
Get rid of all “stuff” in
the cell
Structure:
Small, filled with
enzymes
Vacuoles - Storage
Function:
Stores water, salts,
proteins and
carbohydrates
Structure:
Sac-like
Plant cells have one
large central vacuole
Animal cells have many
small vacuoles
Mitochondria - Energy
Function:
Convert chemical energy
in food into materials
easier for the cell to
use.
Structure:
Enclosed by two
membranes with the
inner membrane folded
up.
Contains it’s own DNA
(unlike other organelles)
that is identical to your
mother’s!
Chloroplasts – Energy in Plants
Function:
Captures energy from the
sun (solar energy) and
changes it into food
(chemical energy) for plants
(photosynthesis)
Structure:
Surrounded by two
membranes
Contains own genetic
information like
mitochondria
Contains green pigment
called chlorophyll
Not found in animal cells!
Cytoskeleton- structure and support
Function:
Helps maintain cell
shape
Helps with movement
of the cell (i.e. flagella
and cilia)
Structure:
Two types:
microfilaments and
microtubules
Cell Membrane
Function:
Regulates what enters
and leaves the cell
Provides protection and
support
Structure:
Double membrane called
a lipid bilayer
Flexible structure that
forms a strong barrier
between the cell and its
surroundings
Cell Wall
Function:
Provides support and
protection for the cell
Structure:
Lies outside the cell
membrane
Found in plants, algae,
fungi and many
bacteria
NOT FOUND IN
ANIMAL CELLS!
KWL - The Cell:
Your ticket out the door
What do you
know?
What do you
want to know?
What have you
learned?
1. Circle
information that
you heard in
today’s notes
2. Asterik (*)
next to
questions you
had answered
today
3. Add new
information
learned
On The Back Of Your Foldable
Please draw a Venn Diagram with one
side labeled Prokaryotic and the other
labeled Eukaryotic
What are the similarities
What are the differences
Homework
Read Pages 169-182
7-1 Assessment Q 1,2,4 (Advanced)
7-1 Assessment Q 2,4,5 (Pre-AP)
7-2 Assessment Q 1,2,3,4 (Advanced)
7-2 Assessment Q 1,4,5 (Pre-AP)
Please read and answer all questions,
there will be a quiz on this next time!