Transcript View File - University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

Mobile and Pervasive
Computing - 5
Future Communication
Technologies
Presented by: Dr. Adeel Akram
University of Engineering and Technology,
Taxila, Pakistan
http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/AUT2015/teMPCms
Outline

Light Fidelity (Li-Fi)

Radio over Fiber in the Home Area Network
Contributed by Mr. Shuja Shabbir
1000112206
CSE-4

Li-Fi stands for ‘Light Fidelity’

LI-FI is transmission of data through
illumination, sending data through a
LED light bulb that varies in intensity
faster than human eye can follow

It is a VLC (Visible Light Communication), technology
developed by team of scientists including Dr. Gorden Povey,
Prof. Harald Hass and Dr. Mostafa Afgani at University of
Edinburgh, UK

Li-Fi is now part of Visible Light Communication (VLC) PAN
IEEE 802.15.7 Standard.

”Li-Fi is typically implemented using white LED light bulbs”

These device are normally used for illumination by applying a
constant current through the LED

Li-Fi is the term used to label the fast and cheap wireless
communication system, which is the optical version of Wi-Fi

Li-Fi is light based Wi-Fi that is, it uses light instead of radio
waves to transmit information

Instead of Wi-Fi modems, Li-Fi would use transceiversfitted LED lamps that can light a room as well as
transmit and receive information

This technology uses a part of the electromagnetic
spectrum that is still not greatly utilized – i.e. The
Visible Spectrum.

Li-Fi, as it has been dubbed, has already achieved
high speeds in the lab.

Researchers at the Heinrich Hertz Institute in Berlin,
Germany, have reached data rates over 500 Megabytes
per second using a standard white-light LED.

Radio waves

Cost and Expensive

Less Bandwidth compared to other spectrums

Insufficient spectrum for increasing data

Millions of base stations consume huge
amount of energy for
1.Transmitting the radio waves
2.To cool the Base Station cabins

5% Efficiency
Available within the range of Base Stations
 Limited availability
 Unavailable in aircrafts


Less secure (passes through the walls)
• Single data stream
• 20000 bits per second
• Not usable for video streaming

The brilliant idea was first showcased by Prof. Harald
Hass in his TED Global Talk on VLC.

http://www.ted.com/talks/harald_haas_wireless_data_from_every_light
_bulb.html

He explained,”very simple, if the LED is on, you
transmit a 1 and when LED off transmit a 0.The LED
can be switched on and off very quickly, which gives
nice opportunities for transmitting data.”

Further enhancements can be made in this method,
like using an array of LEDs for parallel data
transmission, or using mixtures of red, green and blue
LEDs to alter the light’s frequency encoding a different
data channel.
 LED
 Fluorescent
Lamp


Avalanche Photo Diode
Image Sensors
ADVANTAGES
o
Larger bandwidth (10,000 times the radio
bandwidth)
o
High efficiency
o
More availability
o
Highly secure
DISADVANTAGES
o
Presence of Light is essential
o
There will be interference from sunlight
o
You need special LEDs
How Does It Work?
Li-fi works with regular, plain
old LED lights which are
found everywhere. Data is
sent to the LEDs, and they
flicker rapidly in a pattern. A
camera made for sensing
light can then pick up the
frequency and read the
pattern like morse code.
Because light runs on a much
higher frequency than radio
waves, data transferred with
radio waves is limited.
Li-fi can transfer data at a rate of
1Gbit/s
Different colors of LEDs could
transfer data on different signals.
Who is making it?
What is the catch?
Fudan University in Shanghai are finding a way
to wirelessly transfer information using light
instead of radio waves.
Li-fi can only work if the light
illuminating from the Li-fi LED can
be picked up by the receiving
device.
Won’t the constant flickering of the
lights become annoying?
The LEDs are flickering so quickly, that it would
appear as a steady stream of light. Normal
florescent office lights flicker 20,000 times per
second. Li-fi flickers billions of times per second.
That’s a lot of data!
Sunlight can interfere with your
Li-fi connection even through
windows. You would have to use
Li-fi in a room with no windows,
and you would not be able to
turn out the lights. Dimmed lights
may result in lost data, and
slower connections.
Researchers began working
with light outside the visible
spectrum to combat these
disadvantages.
They claim that using
infrared lights could work
outside and even boost
connection speeds to 5 gigs
per second.

Li-Fi Overcomes the limitations of radio
spectrum

High speed of 10 Gbps can be achieved

Li-Fi can solve the for essential problems of
wireless communications these days
http://www.ted.com/talks/harald_haas_wire
less_data_from_every_light_bulb.html
RADIO OVER FIBER FOR AN
OPTIMAL
60 GHZ HOME AREA NETWORK
Authors / Contacts:
Name
Company
Address
Joffray Guillory
Orange Labs
2, avenue Pierre Marzin
22307 Lannion Cedex, France
Sylvain Meyer
Orange Labs
2, avenue Pierre Marzin
22307 Lannion Cedex, France
Benoît Charbonnier Orange Labs
2, avenue Pierre Marzin
22307 Lannion Cedex, France
Thomas Derham
Orange Labs
Sandrine Roblot
Orange Labs
Keio Shinjuku Oiwake
Bldg.9F.3-1-13 Shinjuku
Shinjuku-kuTokyo 160-0022
JAPAN
4, rue du clos courtel
35512 Cesson-Sevigne, France
Phone
email
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Contents
• Radio over Fiber in the Home Area Network
• An example of optical architecture: multipoint-tomultipoint
• Setup and results
• Using the radio MAC layer for driving the optical
infrastructure
Radio over Fiber in the
Home Area Network

As the number of connected devices in the home
increases, the rates necessary between each of them
increases too.

The ultimate goal in home network, and for a provider of
tele-communications like Orange, is to satisfy the demand
made by this new services like remote backup, video
conference, video on demand, voice over IP, data
exchange in high-definition …
Radio over Fiber in the
Home Area Network
• We need high rates in the whole home because the devices and
our home gateway are not necessary in the same room.
Computer
and NAS
Parent’s
bedroom
Children’s
bedroom
Kitchen
Television and
Games console
Living-room
Laptop and Phone
Garage
Home
Gateway
Radio over Fiber in the
Home Area Network

The wireless connectivity is generally preferred for the final
link to the device (easy to use and very flexible).

In the future, IEEE 802.11.ad will be the radio standard to
transport data at very high throughputs (above 1Gbps),

But, this radio standard has a short range (less than 10m).
How can we enlarge the coverage of the radio
signal ?
Living-room
Kitchen
Children’s
bedroom
Parent’s
bedroom
Radio over Fiber in the
Home Area Network
Two optical fibers (downlink and uplink).
We transport radio signals in their native
format (analogue) on an optical carrier
Garage
Remote antenna :
converts electrical
signal (radio) to
optical signal, and
vice-versa
Radio over Fiber in the
Home Area Network

So, the Radio over Fiber system enlarges the coverage of the
radio signal itself. It consists in transporting the radio signal
from wireless devices onto an optical carrier for distribution
over optical fibre to different remote antennas. The optical
link acts as an analogue repeater.

Transporting the radio signals in their native format,
provides the advantage of remote antenna simplification and
transparency to radio layer protocols.
Optical In
Photodiode
DC
TX
A
antenna
Direct modulation is
simple and low cost.
DC Block
Bias Tee
TEE
Laser
Optical Out
A
RX
antenna
RF Filter
Automatic Gain Control
The remote antenna has small
size, light weight and low
power consumption.
Radio over Fiber in the
Home Area Network

Why optical fibers ?

Only the fiber optic can enlarge the coverage of radio signal
transparently.

It offers a very high bandwidth and low attenuation, thus can
transfer the high rate of the radio over several hundred meters.

It will be a natural extension of access networks (Fiber To The
Home).

It is the ideal candidate to provide long life-span local networks.
Radio over Fiber in the
Home Area Network

Besides, the Radio over Fiber optimizes the global spectral
efficiency.

Indeed, power is radiated only in the spot (room) where it
is useful.

We have a full control of the range of radio wave (no
trouble of the radio signals of neighbours, health and
hacking concerns).
Contents

Radio over Fiber in the Home Area Network

An example of optical architecture: multipoint-to-multipoint

Setup and results

Using the MAC layer for driving the optical infrastructure
An example of optical architecture:
multipoint-to-multipoint
Living-room
Kitchen
Power is radiated only
in the spot where it is
useful (Space) and
when it is necessary
(Moment).
Children’s
bedroom
Parent’s
bedroom
Two optical
fibers
Garage
Gateway
+ ONT
NxN Splitter
Fiber To The Home
An example of optical architecture:
multipoint-to-multipoint
Remote antenna without intelligence
RoF 1
RoF 1
RoF 2
RoF 2
Is equivalent to
RoF 3
RoF 3
RoF 4
NxN Gateway
Splitter + ONT
Wireless device with
radio chipset
RoF 4
An example of optical architecture:
multipoint-to-multipoint

Main advantages / disadvantages :

Self-sufficient system: the distribution of resources managed by
the radio MAC layer.

No intelligence required: direct communication possible.

Optical budget should allow the NxN optical splitter (16x16 =
12dB).

Two optical fibers required per remote antenna.
Contents

The Radio over Fiber in the Home Area Network

An example of optical architecture: multipoint-to-multipoint

Setup and results

Using the radio MAC layer for driving the optical infrastructure
Living-room
Kitchen
Children’s
bedroom
Parent’s
bedroom
Setup and results
Optical splitter ( 8x8 = 9dB )
It behaves as an optical tunnel
Garage
Gateway
+ ONT
Splitter
Contents

The Radio over Fiber in the Home Area Network

An example of optical architecture: multipoint-to-multipoint

Setup and results

Using the radio MAC layer for driving the optical infrastructure
Using the radio MAC layer for driving the optical infrastructure
• The lasers that are turned-on without seeing radio data at the
input, are noise for the photodiodes that receive an optical
signal from another laser (copy of the ambient noise by
adding the noise of the conversions).
• Interferences : beat between independent light sources.
Parent’s
bedroom
MAC monitoring
Signal
Noise
Living-room
Kitchen
Signal
Children’s
bedroom
Laser ON
Garage
Gateway
+ ONT
Splitter
Noise
Using the radio MAC layer for driving the optical infrastructure
• Bridge : MAC  Monitoring signal.
• Only one of the device (e.g. the gateway) demodulates the radio signal,
• Recovers useful data in the radio MAC layer to manage the optical
access (turning-on laser or photodiode),
• Sends instruction to remote antenna by a monitoring signal.
Conclusion

The example shows the feasibility of a wireless network
inside the home with Radio over Fiber for extending the
radio coverage.

Then, the Radio over Fiber optimizes the global spectral
efficiency.

The optical architectures show good results, and needs
information from radio MAC Layer to be managed.
References
[1]
Ultra Broad Band Wireless Home Network based on 60GHz WPANs cells interconnected via RoF
M.Huchard, M.Weiss, A.Pizzinat, S.Meyer, P.Guignard, B.Charbonnier
Invited paper IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology
[2]
Ultra Wide Band over fibre transparent architecture for high bit-rate home networks
A.Pizzinat, F.Payoux, B.Charbonnier, S.Meyer
Springer Annals of telecommunication Journal (Special Issue on Home Networking)
[3]
RNRT/BILBAO project: first results on Ultra Wide Band over fiber
S.Paquelet, S.Mallegol, G.Froc, A.Bisiaux, A.Pizzinat, B.Charbonnier, N.Malhouroux, S.Meyer,
F.Payoux, I.Siaud, G.Salingue, D.Morche, H.Jacquinot, S.Bories, C.Algani, AL.Billabert, S.Mazer,
JL.Polleux, C.Rumelhard, M.Terré, C.Sillans, Y.Le Guennec, B.Cabon, M.Lourdiane, G.Maury
International UWB Workshop 2007, Grenoble, France.
[4]
Ultra Wide Band Home Networks by Means of a Low Cost Radio-over-MultiMode-Fibre Transparent
System
A.Pizzinat, I.Louriki, B.Charbonnier, S.Meyer, C.Sillans, H.Jaquinot, S.Bories, M.Terré, C.Algani,
AL.Billabert, Y.Le Guennec, P.Lombard, G.Froc
Network and Optical Communications 2008, Krems (Austria), 1-3 July 2008
[5]
Optical fiber infrastructures for UWB access and FTTH
B.Cabon, Y.Le Guennec, P.Lombard, M.Lourdiane, JM.Duchamp, A.Pizzinat, I.Louriki,
B.Charbonnier, F.Payoux, S.Meyer, M.Terré, C.Algani, AL.Billabert, C.Sillans, H.Jaquinot, S.bories,
G.Froc
ISIS workshop, Stokholm, June 2008
[6]
Low Cost Transparent Radio-over-Fibre System for UWB Based Home Network
A.Pizzinat, I.Louriki, B.Charbonnier, F.Payoux, S.Meyer, M.Terré, C.Algani, AL.Billabert, C.Sillans,
H.Jaquinot, S.Bories, Y.Le Guennec, G.Froc
European Conference on Optical Communications 2008, Bruxelles 21-25 Sept. 2008
Questions???