Transcript BIO. 1300/1400 CHAPTER 4

BIO. 1300/1400/2393/3393
THE CELL
CELL MEMBRANE
FLUID MOSAIC MODEL
SEMIPERMEABLE
CONTAINS PHOSPHOLIPIDS
CONTAINS NUMEROUS PROTEINS
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TRANSPORT PROTEINS
ENZYMES
CHANNEL PROTEINS
RECOGNITION PROTEINS
RECEPTOR PROTEINS
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
NO TRUE NUCLEUS
HAVE MEMBRANES
MAY HAVE PROTECTIVE
AREA AROUND THE
MEMBRANE
MAY HAVE MOTILITY
ORGANELLES
EXTENDING FROM THE
MEMBRANE
BACTERIA AND BLUEGREEN ALGAE
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
HAVE A TRUE NUCLEUS
NUCLEUS HAS A DOUBLE MEMBRANE
MAY HAVE A NUCLEOLUS —AREA
WHICH STORES AND PROCESSES RNA
BEFORE IT IS RELEASED FROM THE
NUCLEUS
DNA COMPOSES THE CHROMATIN
FOUND WITHIN THE NUCLEUS
MOVING THROUGH
MEMBRANES
PASSIVE PROCESSES—NO ATP
REQUIRED AND NO CARRIER
COMPOUNDS
ACTIVE PROCESSES—ATP AND
CARRIER COMPOUNDS ARE USED
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ACTIVE TRANSPORT
PINOCYTOSIS
PHAGOCYTOSIS
PASSIVE MOVEMENT ACROSS CELL
MEMBRANES
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DIFFUSION
 CAN OCCUR IN A SOLID, A LIQUID OR A GAS
 THE MOVEMENT OF MATERIAL FROM AN AREA
OF GREATER CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA
OF LESSER CONCENTRATION
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OSMOSIS—DIFFUSION OF WATER
THROUGH A SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE
FACILITATED DIFFUSION—CARRIER
COMPOUND USED BUT NO ATP
TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
ISOTONIC—THE CONCENTRATION OF
PARTICLES PER UNIT VOLUME IS THE
SAME INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE
CELL—THERE IS NO NET OSMOSIS OF
WATER TO THE OUTSIDE OR THE
OUTSIDE OF THE CELL— THE CELL
STAYS THE SAME SIZE
TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
HYPOTONIC— THERE ARE FEWER
PARTICLES PER UNIT VOLUME IN THE
SOLUTION THAN IN THE CELL—NET
OSMOSIS OF WATER IS TO THE
INSIDE OF THE CELL— THE CELL
SWELLS
TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
HYPERTONIC— THERE ARE MORE
PARTICLES PER UNIT VOLUME IN THE
SOLUTION THAN IN THE CELL—THERE
IS NET OSMOSIS OF WATER TO THE
OUTSIDE OF THE CELL—THE CELL
SHRINKS
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
THE OSMOTIC
PRESSURE OF A
SOLUTION IS
DIRECTLY RELATED TO
THE NUMBER OF
PARTICLES PRESENT—
THE MORE PARTICLES
THE GREATER THE
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
AND VICE VERSA
PINOCYTOSIS—CELL
DRINKING
MATERIALS LAND ON THE CELL MEMBRANE
MEMBRANE INVAGINATES FORMING A
PINOSOME
LYSOSOME IN THE CELL COMBINES WITH
THE PINOSOME FORMING A PINOLYSOSOME
RESIDUAL BODY IS WASTE—CONTAINS
NON-DIGESTIBLE MATERIAL
PHAGOCYTOSIS—CELL
EATING
PROCESSES OF THE CELL —PSEUDOPODS
OR FALSE ARMS MOVE OUT TO SURROUND
THE MATERIAL AND BRING IT INTO THE
CELL FORMING A PHAGOSOME
LYSOSOME JOINS WITH THE PHAGOSOME
TO MAKE A PHAGOLYSOSOME
THE RESIDUAL BODY IS THE WASTE LEFT
AFTER DIGESTION IS COMPLETED
CELL ORGANELLES
MEMBRANOUS
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ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM—
ROUGH OR SMOOTH
GOLGI BODY
LYSOSOMES
VACUOLES—
PEROXISOMES AND
CONTRACTILE
VACUOLES
MITOCHONDRION—
CONTAINS FOLDS CALLED
CRISTAE
CELL RESPIRATION OCCURS
IN THIS ORGANELLE—
KREB’S CYCLE AND THE
ELECTRON TRANSPORT
SYSTEM
CHLOROPLASTS—
PHOTOSYNTHESIS OCCURS
HERE
CONTAIN STACKS OF
THYLAKOIDS CALLED
GRANA WHICH ARE HELD
TOGETHER BY LAMELLAE
OR FRETS
NONMEMBRANOUS
ORGANELLES
RIBOSOMES—
INVOLVED IN PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS
MAY BE ATTACHED TO
THE ER
MAY BE IN
POLYSOMES—CHAINS
OF RIBOSOMES WITH
MRNA IN THE CYTOSOL
MICROTUBULES
MICROFILAMENTS AND
INTERMEDIATE FIBERS
[PP. 74-75]
CENTRIOLES—[9+0
PATTERN]- LOCATED
IN A REGION CALLED
THE CENTROSOME
CILIA AND FLAGELLA
HAVE THE 9+2
PATTERN OF
MICROTUBULES
INCLUSION BODIES
COMPARING PLANT AND
ANIMAL CELLS
PLANT CELLS HAVE CELL WALLS AND
ANIMAL CELLS DO NOT
PLANT CELLS HAVE CHLOROPLASTS AND
ANIMAL CELLS DO NOT
PLANT CELLS HAVE A LARGE CENTRAL
VACUOLE FILLED WITH WATER WHICH
ANIMALS DO NOT HAVE
ANIMAL CELLS HAVE CENTRIOLES AND
PLANT CELLS DO NOT [PLANT CELLS DO HAVE A
MICROTUBULE ORGANIZING CENTER WHICH
PRODUCES SPINDLE FIBERS DURING CELL
DIVISION]