Transcript Slide 1

Opticon JRA5: Smart Focal Planes
Colin Cunningham
5th September 2007
UK ATC (UK), Univ Durham (UK), LAM (FR), CRAL (FR),
IAC (SP), IoA Cambridge (UK), TNO/TPD (NL), ESO-INS
(Int), ASTRON (NL), CSEM (SW), INAF-Padova (IT),
UNIBrem (GE), Reflex s r o (CZ) , AAO (UK/Aus)
Objectives
• Evaluate, develop and prototype of
technologies for Smart Focal Planes
• Build up and strengthen a network of
expertise in Europe, and encourage mobility
between partners
• Engage European Industry in the
development of technologies which can be
batch produced to enable future complex
instruments to be built economically
• Enable these technologies to be developed
to the stage where they can be considered
for the next generation of telescopes
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Science Motivation: Multi IFU
Spectroscopy
Prominent Science
Cases
1. First light – the
highest-redshift
galaxies
2. Physics of highredshift galaxies
Secondary Science
Cases
1. Resolved Stellar
populations
2. Initial Mass
Function in stellar
clusters
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Multi-Slit Spectroscopy
•Multi-slit
spectroscopy in the
NIR provides an
alternative, which
may be better fitted
to some science
cases
•MOSFIRE on Keck
> TMT instrument
Image courtesy Ian McLean
(UCLA)
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Methodology
• Start with Instrument concepts to
define technology requirements –
SmartMOS & SmartMOMSI
• Develop and prototype technology
• Feed lessons back into iterations of
instrument concepts
• Feed this into ELT instrument Design
Studies and Phase A studies
– Very successful > EAGLE & SMOS
consortia
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6
WP1: Management, systems
design and systems
engineering
• Ensure the JRA meets its goals, within financial and time
constraints. Enable clear communications between teams and
to the OPTICON management team. Facilitate an open process
for deciding which technologies to progress. Yes
• Develop and revise the existing Technology Roadmap Use the
roadmap to aid decisions making on which technologies to
prototype. Identify new technologies. Yes
• Fix requirements and specification to provide realistic and
measurable goals for technology studies. Develop and
evaluate concepts for future instruments using Smart Focal
Planes. Yes
• Evaluate technology requirements and challenges which are
common to many of the Smart Focal Plane devices, such as
metrology, cryogenic mechanism reliability including
tribology, position sensing and actuation. Yes
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Objectives: WP2 Technology
Development
• Develop areas of technology which
offer key performance enhancements
for multi-object and integral field
spectroscopy, and are feasible for
prototyping in the near-term Yes
• Develop manufacturing techniques to
enable batch production. Partial
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WP2.1: Image slicers:
• Develop smooth image slicer optics for the visible,
develop transmissive devices, replacing linear
arrays of mirrors by customised arrays of small
lenses. Industrialisation of these manufacturing
processes. Yes – used for VLT-MUSE
• Investigate solutions for the measurement of small
aperture, complex optical surface. Yes
• Develop the currently available analysis and
simulation tools for IFU design. No – being done for
VLT-KMOS
• Explore optical replication techniques for slicer
production Yes
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WP2.2: Beam
Manipulators
• Cryogenic pick-off arms: Investigate
higher angular resolution and
alternatives for positioning. Investigate
methods for improving thermal
performance. Compare optical designs
for increasing the field of view. Explore
cost effective technologies and design
options for batch production. Develop
prototype devices. No – part of
development programme for KMOS
• Beam Steering Mirrors. Investigate
technology required for miniaturisation
of beam steering devices. Explore cost
effective technologies and design
options for batch production . Prototype
key elements. Yes
• Robotic manipulators: (‘Starbugs’):
Develop concepts for robotic mirror
positioners and optical layouts to act as
spectrometer feeds. Develop prototype
devices. Yes – and devised and
developed Starpicker
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WP3.1: Fibre Systems
• Study new ways to manufacture high quality
fibre-based IFUs for the wavelength range
0.35 - 2.5 microns. No – not a priority from
Instrument concept studies
• Consider how fibre IFUs can be miniaturised
for multi-object applications. No – as above
• Identify suitable fibre core material for
cryogenic operation. No – as above
• Explore concepts for efficiently deploying
fibre IFUs. Concepts of vacuum-held and
robotically deployed fibre systems
considered
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WP3.2: Reconfigurable Slits and
Masks
• Investigate concepts and predicted performance of
Cryo mechanisms for actuators and linear slides.
Yes
• Evaluate current availability of data for relevant
materials properties at cryogenic temperatures, and
identify where future work is needed. Some work
done
• Evaluate challenges for sensing and metrology,
including slit configuration measuring systems. Yes
• Investigate friction-stiction and particle production
and contamination issues for slit mechanisms. Yes
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WP3.3: MOEMS
• Review and visit European micro-technology
labs/industries to evaluate capabilities and
stimulate interest in developing programmable slit
devices using existing technologies Investigate
exploitation of other research programmes, e.g.
JWST NIRSpec ESA studies and devices from
different application sectors Yes
• Model NIRSpec multi slit device and evaluate impact
in the design and operation of a future
spectrograph. Yes
• Develop existing laboratory test systems for
MOEMS operating in a cryogenic environment and
in the infrared regime if possible. Yes
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WP4: Trade off Study
• Evaluate the technologies against the
science and functional requirements. Carry
out risk analysis and cost estimates. Choose
technologies to prototype. Yes – as part of
instrument concept studies
• Identify requirements for future
developments of other technologies. Yes –
eg cooled DMs
• Review technology options to agree most
productive technologies to progress in
Phase B. Yes - > development of Starpicker
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WP5: Management and Systems
Engineering (Phase B):
• Continuation of Phase A, with specific
emphasis on roadmapping. Partial
• Continuation of evaluation of risks and
challenges in the provision of enabling
technologies, including identifying routes
for further development Yes
• Culminating in a report which details the
way forward to multiobject and multiple
field spectroscopy with Extremely Large
Telescopes and current facilities. Need
overtaken by ELT DS instrument studies and
ELT Instrument working group report
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Phase B
• WP6: Prototype Technologies: Design: Build
and test prototype devices and subsystems.
In progress
• WP7: Verify Technology: Design, build, and
test laboratory test equipment, and evaluate
the new technology prototype devices in
test equipment. Demonstrate
manufacturability of chosen technology. In
progress
• WP8: Feasibility studies: Continue studies of
feasibility of technologies with medium to
long-term availability and potential high
performance Yes – MOEMS devices
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Technology Highlights
Slit mechanism
• Slit mechanism developed for ESA by CSEM
• Developed further under SFP programme
– Improved manufacture techniques for slides
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Swiss Technology in Keck
MOSFIRE instrument
• UCLA building Keck NIR MOS
instrument with CSEM slit
mechanism
• first time they have gone to
European procurement
Courtesy Ian McLean, UCLA
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Multi-object Multi-IFU Spectrometers:
WFSPEC & MOMSI in FP6 ELT design study
S-MOMSI
KMOS
WFSPEC
MOMSI
EAGLE
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EAGLE Concept
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Pick-off Mirror Technology
AAO
UK ATC/CSEM/Astron
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Star-picker
International Patent Application No
PCT/GB2006/002426 (P14214PC)
•Positions Pick-Off Mirrors
to better than 5 micron
repeatability
•100 repositions per hour –
will be improved
•Joint development: UK
ATC, Astron & CSEM
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Cryogenic Testings of StarPicker Elements
Nitrogen bath cold tests conducted on
gripper – vertical travel successful, but
apparent need to up gripper current by
20%. This to be confirmed with additional
tests.
Rotation stage cold wrap manufactured
and installed, ready for precision
measurements in cold bath and cryostat.
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Beam Steering Mirror
• Mirror and support
manufactured
• Mirror being polished
• Use of a dummy mirror
to:
– Test the mount
– Develop control
software
– Evaluate
performances
• Design and
manufacture of
Tip/Tilt platform
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Actuators
performances
Opposite
• Stroke
• Influence of the
flexural pivot
Mirror
Piezo
Mirror deformation measurement
Angle
250
R2 = 1
200
R2 = 0.9996
150
Displacement (µm)
100
50
R2 = 0.9998
0
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-50
-100
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• Perfect linearity of
the deformation
• Fit with FEM
Piezo
-150
Miroir
R2 = 0.9998
Angle
Opposite
-200
Piezo Voltage (V)
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Image Slicers
• Invented by Ira Bowen in
1938, but only now
coming into use as
optical fabrication
techniques make it
possible
• Now possible to
replicate using
electroforming
• For visible light: Sub
10nm rms surfaces
needed – still only
possible with glass
slicers
• Economic study shows
cross-over at about 30
daughter
mother
mandrel
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SMART Focal Planes:
Programmable slits in Europe
Principle of the micro-mirror array
 Long slit
mode
100 x 200µm
 Surface
quality
Tilt accuracy: < 1 arcmin
< 15nm PtV
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ELT Instrument Proposal: SMOS
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Changes to scope of
work
• Removed Pick off arms – done by
KMOS project
• Reduced scope of image slicer work
• Reduced fibre development
• Added Star-picker development
• Phase B concentrated on object
selection for EAGLE and MOEMS for
SMOS concepts
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Planned work to
completion
WP 3.2 Cryomechanisms –Tip-Tilt Focal Plane
ASTRON
WP 5.0 Management and Systems Engineering – UK
ATC / IAC
WP 6.2 Pick-off Prototype – Gripper Cold Tests –
CSEM/UK ATC
WP 6.2 Pick-off Prototype – Star-Picker Cold Tests –
UK ATC
WP 6.3 Beam manipulator prototype - active optics
– LAM
WP 6.4 MOEMS mirror array prototype – LAM/CSEM
WP6.5 Integration of Star-Picker and Cryo-Mirrors
in Smart Focal Plane Demonstrator
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New WP
• Evaluation of cooled and cryogenic
mirrors for SFP based NIR & MIR
instruments with AO built-in
• Driven by EAGLE and MIDIR
requirements
• Coordinated by TNO-TPD, Delft
• Partners: Astron, Leiden, UK ATC (&
Paisley Univ)
• Kick-off meeting on Friday 6th Sept
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Dissemination of results:
publications
Proc. SPIE 5382 (2004)
Smart focal plane technologies for ELT instruments
Colin R. Cunningham, Suzanne K. Ramsay-Howat, Francisco Garzon, Ian R. Parry, Eric Prieto, David J.
Robertson, and Frederic Zamkotsian
Proc. SPIE 5904 (2005)
Progress on smart focal plane technologies for extremely large telescopes
Colin Cunningham, Eli Atad, Jeremy Bailey, Fabio Bortoletto, Francisco Garzon, Peter Hastings, Roger
Haynes, Callum Norrie, Ian Parry, Eric Prieto, Suzanne R.Howat, Juergen Schmoll, Lorenzo Zago,
and Frederic Zamkotsian
Proc. SPIE 6273 (2006)
A scalable pick-off technology for multi-object instruments
Peter Hastings; Suzanne Ramsay Howat; Peter Spanoudakis; Raymond van den Brink; Callum Norrie; David Clarke; K.
Laidlaw; S. McLay; Johan Pragt; Hermine Schnetler; L. Zago
SMART-MOS: a NIR imager-MOS for the ELT
Francisco Garzón; Eli Atad-Ettedgui; Peter Hammersley; David Henry; Callum Norrie; Pablo Redondo; Frederic Zamkotsian
New beam steering mirror concept and metrology system for multi-IFU
Fabrice Madec; Eric Prieto; Pierre-Eric Blanc; Emmanuel Hugot; Sébastien Vivès; Marc Ferrari; Jean-Gabriel Cuby
Deployable payloads with Starbug
Andrew McGrath; Roger Haynes
It's alive! Performance and control of prototype Starbug actuators
Roger Haynes; Andrew McGrath; Jurek Brzeski; David Correll; Gabriella Frost; Peter Gillingham; Stan Miziarski; Rolf Muller;
Scott Smedley
Micro-mirror array for multi-object spectroscopy
Frederic Zamkotsian; Severin Waldis; Wilfried Noell; Kacem ElHadi; Patrick Lanzoni; Nico de Rooij
Proc. SPIE 6466 (2007)
Uniform tilt-angle micromirror array for multi-object spectroscopy
Severin Waldis; Pierre-Andre Clerc; Frederic Zamkotsian; Michael Zickar; Wilfried Noell; Nico de Rooij
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SPIE Orlando Trade Show
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What did work!
• Using ELT instrument concepts to drive
technology requirements
• Joint development programmes
– Replicated Image Slicers
• Durham, LAM, Reflex, Padua
– Starpicker
• UK ATC, ASTRON, CSEM
– MOEMS mirror device
• LAM, CSEM, with subcontract to IMT Neuchatel
• European team-building leading to EAGLE
and SMOS instrument consortia
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What didn’t work – lessons
learned
• Phasing and 18 month planning cycle
• Some partners didn’t work together
well
• Too many partners
• Work packages with only one partner
were less successful than the very
productive joint workpackages
• Financial and time-sheet tracking
• Communications……….
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OPTICON SFP achievements
• 2 ELT Instruments in baseline planning based on our Smart
Focal Plane Technologies
• Teams working on proposals for E-ELT Phase A studies
• Working prototypes:
– Starpicker
– Starbugs
– Deformable Beam Steering Mirrors
– MOEMS mirrors
– Replicated image slicers
• Reports on enabling technologies: actuators, positions
sensing, slit mechanisms
• Technology development path foreseen in Opticon FP7 and
with national funding for future ELT and 8-10 m instruments
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Overall Objectives Met?
• Evaluate, develop and prototype of
technologies for Smart Focal Planes - YES
• Build up and strengthen a network of
expertise in Europe, and encourage mobility
between partners – YES
• Engage European Industry in the
development of technologies which can be
batch produced to enable future complex
instruments to be built economically –
Partial – image slicers
• Enable these technologies to be developed
to the stage where they can be considered
for the next generation of telescopes - YES
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Smart Instrument Technologies
Proposal for FP7: Summary
• Smart Focal Plane Technology developments
are now being carried forward into ELT
instrument Phase A programme for EAGLE
and possible S-MOS
• Proposal for FP7 addresses 2 further
questions:
– How to build lower mass, active instruments to
meet flexure requirements of wide-field or high
resolution cryogenic instruments?
– Are there science and operational gains from
expanding the Smart Focal Plane concept into a
Smart Instrument Suite where several different
instruments a fed from a wide field pick off
system, and if so what technologies need
development?
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