Transcript Ribosomes - Sonoma Valley High School

Eukaryotic Cells
It’s what you are made of!
Organelles all
Eukaryotes share
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Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Cell membrane
Nucleus
• Contains the DNA that holds the genetic
code for making proteins
• The DNA is held on strands called
chromosomes
• The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear
envelope
Ribosomes
• Ribosomes can float freely in the cytoplasm
or be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
• They assemble the proteins for the cell
Think:
Analogy- if
the cell was a
city what
would the
ribosomes
be?
Endoplasmic reticulum
• Lipids are made in the ER
• Both lipids and proteins are transported
through the ER to the outside of the cell.
Golgi apparatus
• It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
and other materials
• These materials are either stored in the
golgi apparatus or secreted out of the cell
think:
Analogy- if the cell was
a city what would the
golgi apparatus be?
Lysosomes
• Small organelles filled with enzymes
• The enzymes breakdown large compounds
such as lipids, carbohydrates and proteins.
• The cell then reuses the smaller
compounds to make new ones
Vacuoles & cytoplasm
• Vacuoles store water, salt, proteins and
carbohydrates
• Vacuoles also serve as support structures
in plants
• The cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cell
in which all the other organelles float.
Mitochondria
• Mitochondria convert chemical energy
stored in food into smaller compounds
• Respiration occurs in the mitochondria
think:
Analogy- if the
cell was a city
what would the
mitochondria
be?
Cell membrane & cytoskeleton
• The cell membrane is the boundary
between the cell and it’s environment
• The cytoskeleton is a network of protein
filaments that help the cell keep its shape
Chloroplasts
• Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells
and a few protists
• Photosynthesis, the process that converts
solar energy to chemical energy, occurs
here
Summary
1. Which organelle
makes proteins for the
cell?
2. Which organelle
breaks apart large
molecules?
3. Which organelle sorts
and packages
materials for the cell?