Transcript The Structure and Function of Cells

Unit 5
The Structure and Function
of Cells
Cell Theory
Parts of a cell
Organelles
Cell Diversity
Crossing the Membrane
The Cell Theory
4 Parts
–Cells are the basic unit of life
–All organisms are made up of
one or more cells
–All cells carry out life processes
–All cells arise from pre-existing
cells
Who is Responsible for this cell
theory????
A whole bunch of dead
scientists…..
– Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
– Robert Hooke
– Matthais Schleiden
– Theodor Schwann
– Carolis Linnaeus
The Parts of a Cell
(organelles)
Organelle = Little organs
Cell membrane
Found in plant and animal cells
Outside of cell
Controls what enters
and leaves the cell.
Holds the cell
together and keeps
the organelles
inside.
Cell Wall (Plant cell only)
Cell
Wall
Cell wall - What is it?
Found only in plant
cells outside of the
cell membrane
Composed mainly of
cellulose (type of
carbohydrate)
What is the Cell Wall for?
Helps to maintain the shape of the plant
and keep the structure of the plant.
The Nucleus
Brain of the cell
It tells every part of the
cell what to do.
Prokaryotes-do not
have a nucleus
Eukaryotes-have a
nucleus
What’s inside the nucleus?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
DNA tells the cell what proteins to make
and what the cell needs to do.
The Nuclear Membrane
The nuclear membrane is a membrane
around the nucleus that holds it together
and helps keep DNA inside
Nucleolus
Looks like a small,
dark area inside the
nucleus.
This contains
protein and RNA…
Ribosomes
Protein builders of the
cell
Found either free
floating in the
cytoplasm (fluid that fills
a cell) or attached to
the endoplasmic
reticulum.
Proteins made are used
inside and outside of
the cell for growth and
repair.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
2 Types - Rough and
Smooth ER
Used for transport in
the cell
No Ribosomes on its surface
Has Ribosomes on its surface
Golgi Apparatus
Made out of a bunch
of flattened sacs.
Think of a stack of
pancakes.
It is the packaging
center of the cell.
Like a mailroom
It takes simple
molecules and
combines them to
form more complex
molecules.
Mitochondria
POWERHOUSE OF
THE CELL
Where cells use
glucose to make
energy (ATP)
Site of respiration in
a cell
Chloroplast (Plant cells only)
Carry out
photosynthesis take energy from the
sun and make food.
This food comes in
the form of sugars
and starches
(glucose)
Photosynthesis
Storage
compartments in cells
Some contain food,
others hold oil, some
hold wastes
They are huge in plant
cells and much
smaller in animal cells
The vacuole basically
holds things that the
cell might need, like a
backpack
Vacuole
Lysosomes
Have enzymes that break
down waste and
unwanted cellular
material.
Centrioles
Only in animal
cells
Where
chromosomes
attach during
cellular
reproduction.
Lets put ‘em all together
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Animal Cell
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Flagella
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Lysosome
Golgi Apparatus
Animal Cells-Drawing
Plant Cells
Where do they come from?
Plants of course……DUH!!
All plant cells have the same
characteristics
Plant cell
Nucleus
Cell wall
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Chloroplast
Cell
membrane
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Golgi
Major Differences between
Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Plants have a cell
wall
Contain
chloroplasts
Have a large
vacuole
Do NOT have
centrioles
Animal Cells
No cell wall
No Chloroplasts
Small vacuoles
Have centrioles
One more thing to worry
about…
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotes
NO NUCLEUS
Have a cell
membrane and
cytoplasm…but no
organelles
Carry out life
processes
EXP: Bacteria
Eukaryotes
HAVE NUCLEUS
Have organelles
contained within the
cytoplasm
Carry out life
processes
EXP: Plant and animal
cells