Transcript Ch. 2-4: Looking Inside Cells Key Concepts: Identify the role of the

Ch. 2-4: Looking Inside Cells
Key Concepts: Identify the role of the cell wall and the cell membrane in
the cell, describe the functions of cell organelles, explain how cells are
organized in many-celled organisms.
Discover Activity: How Large are Cells?
1. Multiply your height in meters by 1,000 to get your height in millimeters. (1
meter = about 3 feet).
1. How many amoebas would you have to stack end-to-end to equal your height?
2. Many of the cells in your body are about 0.01 mm long—one hundredth of the
size of an amoeba. How many body cells would you have to stack end-to-end to
equal your height?
3. Why can’t you see your body’s cells without the aid of a microscope?
Enter the Cell
Cell structures that carry out specific
functions within the cell
Organelles
Cell Wall
Cell
Membrane
Rigid layer of nonliving material that
surrounds the cell of plants and some
other organisms.
Helps: protect and support the cell
Controls what substances come into
and out of a cell.
Sail On to the Nucleus
Nucleus: the cell’s control center, directs all of the cell’s activities
Nuclear
Envelope
Chromatin
Nucleolus
•Protects the nucleus
•Materials pass in and out of the
nucleus through its pores
•Contains genetic material: instructions
for directing the cell’s functions
•Where ribosomes are made: organelle
where proteins are produced
Draw and label the nucleus and its
structures
Drawing should include: nuclear envelope,
nucleolus, pores, and chromatin.
Organelles of the Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm: region between the cell membrane and the nucleus
•Known as the
“powerhouses” of the cell
Mitochondria •Converts energy in food
molecules to energy the
cell can use
•Passageways
that
carry
Endoplasmic
proteins and other
Reticulum
materials throughout the
cell
Ribosomes
•Small grainlike bodies
•Factories to produce
proteins
Organelles of the Cytoplasm (Continued)
Golgi
Bodies
Chloroplasts
•Cell’s Mail Room
•Receives proteins and other
materials from the
endoplasmic reticulum
•Packages and distributes
them to other parts of cell
•Capture energy from
sunlight and use it to
produce food
•Makes leaves green
Organelles of the Cytoplasm (Continued)
Vacuoles
Lysosomes
•Water-filled sac
•Storage area of cells
•Stores food and other materials
needed by cell
•Small, round structures
•Contains chemicals that break down
materials in the cell
Specialized Cells
Plants and animals contain many cells. In many-celled organisms
cells are specialized to perform specific functions
Tissues
Organs
•Group of similar cells that work
together to perform a specific function
•e.g. Nerve tissue
•Group of different tissues working
together
•e.g. Your brain
•Group of different organs working
together to perform a major function
Organ Systems
•e.g. Your nervous system
Lab Zone: Skills Activity
Follow procedures 1-5 from Lab Zone Skills Activity p. 66.
2. Draw what you see:
3. Draw what you see:
Lab Questions:
1. How are plant and animal cells alike?
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2. How are plant and animal cells
different?_______________________________________
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3-D Model of a Cell
Make your own model of a cell. You can either follow the directions listed
on page 62 for a jello cell or come up with your own creative way to create a
3D model of either an animal or a plant cell.
1.Create a 3D model of a cell inside of your 3D model use different materials
that resemble the structures found in the cell you are modeling
• Structures for animal cells: nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi
body, cell membrane, vacuole, lysosomes, mitochondria, cytoplasm,
ribosomes
• Structures for plant cells: nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, Golgi body,
mitochondrion, cell membrane, vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall,
endoplasmic reticulum
2.On a sheet of paper, create a key that identifies each cell structure in your
model. Describe the function of each structure.