Transcript 3-4 Inside a cell

CH 1-2
Microscopes
allow us to see
inside a cell
1) How many bacteria cells will it
take to make a line across a dime?
17,000
Which is larger, a bacteria cell or
an animal cell?
Do you think a real dime has
bacteria on it? Why or why not?
Bacteria live almost every where on Earth
How are cells?
small
• Unit of measure is micrometer. ( µm)
• One millionth of a meter.
• 1 micrometer (some bacteria)
• 1000 micrometer (some plant and animal cells)
Microscope
• Led to the discovery of cells and
development of the cell theory.
• 1000 times
• Treated with dyes to make structures in
cell easier to see.
Scanning electron microscope
(SEM)
Transmission electron microscope
(TEM)
Electrons not light, are
used to produce images .
They can magnify up to a
million times.
• SEM produces a
three dimensional
image.
• TEM looks like a
thin slice of the
bacteria cell.
Cryo-electron microscope can
magnify specimens one million
times
Dime = 12 miles wide
Four square model.. use the word
cell
Cells are diverse
• Diversity of sizes and shapes.
• Boundary or cell membrane that lets
things in or out of cell.
• Gelatin like substance called cytoplasm.
Most of the work is carried here.
Two separate cell categories
• Eukaryotic
cells are
usually
multicellular
organisms
• Generic
material in
nucleus.
• About 10x
larger than
prokaryotic.
Prokaryotic
cells are
usually simple
organisms.
No separate
compartment
for generic
material.
No organelles.
Plants and Animals cells
Animal Cell
Plant cell
Cell Wall
The sound that you
hear when a carrot is
broken is half is the
sound of the cell wall
breaking.
Only plant cells have a
cell wall.
Structures that process information
• Nucleus
• Largest
organelle
• Contains
information
for cell
functions
Ribosomes
Help translate that
information.
Located in the cytoplasm
and the endoplasmic
reticulum.
Use the information to
build important molecules
called proteins.
Organelles that provide energy
• Plants
• Get their
energy from
the sun.
• Chloroplasts
use the suns
energy to
make sugar.
• Animal cells get
energy (food)
from the sugar
that plant cells
have stored.
• Eating plants or
by eating
animals that
have eaten
plants.
Animal cells
do not
contain
chloroplast
and thus
cannot get
energy from
the sunlight.
• Both plant and
animals must be able
to use energy to do
work.
• The energy is made
available by
organelles found in all
eukaryotic cells.
• Mitochondria are the
organelles that use
oxygen to get food
from processing food.
Organelles that process and
transport
• Endoplasmic reticulum
– System of twisting and winding membranes
– Some contain ribosomes (which make
proteins)
– Manufactures parts of the cell membrane
– Part of the cellular transport system
– Some can form vesicles which transport
materials processed materials to an organelle
called the Golgi apparatus
Golgi
apparatus
takes the
materials
manufactured
by the ER and
finishes
processing
them.
Organelles for storage, recycling
and waste
• Cells store water, sugar and other materials which
they use to function.
• Cells also store waste materials until they can be
removed.
– Plants have vacuoles which are sacs that hold these
materials.
– Plants have large vacuoles that which store water.
• Animal cells don’t have vacuoles but have
lysosomes, which break down old used cell parts.
Review Questions
Page
Questions 1-6. These questions and
answers will be part of the 3-4 notes