Transcript Chapter 1:
The BIG idea: All living things are made up of cells Key Concepts: 1.1: The cell is the basic unit of living things 1.2: Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell 1.3: Different cells perform various functions *** TAKE NOTES!!!*** All organisms are multicellular? The cell theory says the cell is the basic unit of life (T/F). Which is larger: bacteria or animal cell? How many bacteria cells fit across a dime? Do you think a real dime has bacteria on it? All organisms are multicellular? The cell theory says the cell is the basic unit of life (T/F). ◦ Some are ◦ True Which is larger: bacteria or animal cell? How many bacteria cells fit across a dime? Do you think a real dime has bacteria on it? ◦ Animal ◦ 17,000 ◦ Bacteria is everywhere! http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/an imations/content/scientificmethod.html Unit of Measure: mm = micrometer 1 mm = 10-9 m = one millionth of a meter Cell size ranger ~1 mm to 1000 mm ◦ 17,000 bacteria cells to reach across a dime What is the difference between light and electron microscopes? Light Microscope ◦ Bends light to make objects appear bigger than they are ◦ Can observe living things ◦ Limited to > 0.2 mm Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) ◦ As small as 0.002 mm ◦ Cannot view live specimens Scanning Electron Microscope ◦ Cell sample is coated in a heavy metal, electrons are sent towards the cell, the electrons bounce back, are detected, and a 3-D image of the surface is produced. Transmission Electron Microscope ◦ Cell is sliced extremely thin ◦ Electrons pass through a section ◦ Images appear 2-D All cells have a cell membrane and cytoplasm Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic ◦ Euk: genetic material stored in the nucleus Most multicellular ◦ Prok: stored in cytoplasm (no membrane) Most unicellular Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell Eukaryotic cells ◦ Two main compartments: nucleus and cytoplasm. ◦ Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplast, central vacuole, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, mitochondrion, cell membrane ◦ Animal cells have lysosomes, nucleus, endoplasmic retilum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, vesticles, mitochondrion, cell membrane Cell Wall: protects and supports the cell Ribosomes: gather materials a cell needs to build important molecules called proteins Chloroplasts: where sunlight is used to make sugar (Photosynthesis!) Mitochondria: organelles that use oxygen to process food for energy In the cytoplasm…starting materials: ◦ Endoplasmic reticulum processes materials it gets from ribosomes to manufacture proteins and parts of the cell membrane Also involved in transport: vesicles transport processed material to Golgi apparatus Golgi Apparatus: pancake like. Finishes processing materials from endoplasmic reticulum. Vacuoles ◦ Can hold water, waste, and other materials. ◦ Plant: Large central vacuole to store water, etc. ◦ Animal cells do not have central vacuole. Have lysosomes which are vacuoles that contain chemicals that break down materials Cell Organelles Names Organelle drawing Analog drawing Similar functions We will design a giant cell mural for the wall using the organelle/city drawings. Cool Resource: http://www.cellsalive.com/ City Analogies Cell Membrane City border Cell Wall City Wall Cytoplasm Lawns Endoplasmic Reticulum Highway or road system Ribosomes Lumber or brick yard Golgi Bodies Post Office or UPS Chloroplasts Solar Energy Plants Nuclear Membrane City Hall Fence with security guard Mitochondria Energy Plants Nucleus City Hall DNA Original Blueprints or the city RNA Copies of Blueprints Nucleolus Copy Machine Lysosomes Waste Disposal/ Recyclers Vacuole Warehouses, water towers or garbage dumps Protoplasm Air or atmosphere Chromosomes Rolled up blueprints Proteins Lumber or bricks To write a number in scientific notation: Put the decimal after the first digit and drop the zeroes. In the number 123,000,000,000 The coefficient will be 1.23 To find the exponent count the number of places from the decimal to the end of the number. In 123,000,000,000 there are 11 places. Therefore we write 123,000,000,000 as: 1) An oxygen atom measure 14/100,000,000,000 of a meter across. Write the width of the oxygen atom in standard form as a decimal number 0.00000000014 2) Write the width of the oxygen atoms in scientific notation 1.4 x 10-10m 3) A chloroplast measure 5 millionths of a meter across. Write its width in standard form and in scientific notation 4)A redwood tree stands 100 meter tall. There are 1000 millimeters in a meter. Express the height of the redwood tree in millimeters. Write the number in scientific notation. 5) A typical plant cell measures 1 millionth of a meter in width. Express the width in standard form and in scientific notation