Transcript Cells
Cells Georgia High School Graduation Test: Science Review Mrs. Kirby Introduction From the key vocabulary, circle the words that you can already define or use in a sentence. Write down two or three things that you think are important for you to know today. What is biology? The study of living things What is considered living? anything that has the ability to nourish, grow, and reproduce cells must be present Cell Theory The cell is considered the basic unit of life. All living things contain at least one cell. Cells come from pre-existing cells. Sample Question 1. What structures can be identified in a typical animal or plant cell? Plant Cells versus Animal Cells PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL Plant Cells versus Animal Cells PLANT CELLS • cell wall (provides structure) • chloroplast (location of photosynthesis/ energy production) ANIMAL CELLS • centrioles (responsible for cell reproduction) Organelles Common to Both STRUCTURE FUNCTION nucleus control of all cell activities; location of DNA mitochondria energy production Golgi complex (apparatus) assembles, sorts, and transports cell products ribosome protein synthesis chromosome composed of DNA containing genetic material Cell Organelles, continued STRUCTURE FUNCTION cell membrane endoplasmic reticulum phospholipid bilayer; maintains homeostasis; protects the cell digests old cells and food (cleans up the cell) produces, stores, and transports protein (rough) and lipids (smooth) flagella/cilia movement of materials lysosome Sample Question 2. Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes “Pro-No” No true nucleus No membrane-bound organelles No well-organized membrane Prokaryotes “Pro-No” All prokaryotes are bacteria and all bacteria are prokaryotes Prokaryotes = bacteria (Monera) Eukaryotes “Eu-True” True nucleus Well organized membrane Membrane – bound organelles Eukaryotes “Eu-True” Most plants and animals and other specialized organisms Sample Question 3. Compare and contrast active and passive transport in at least 4 ways. Active versus Passive Transport ACTIVE TRANSPORT • requires energy (low concentration to high) • endocytosis and exocytosis • active transport (ATP is used) PASSIVE TRANSPORT • diffusion (particles from high concentration to low) • osmosis (water from high concentration to low) • facilitated transport (diffusion using a membrane protein) Sample Question 4. Define each of the following: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Organic Compounds ORGANIC COMPOUND carbohydrates lipids DEFINITION sugars and starches fats (insoluble in water) proteins amino acids nucleic acids DNA and RNA FUNCTION provide energy store energy responsible for most cell functions store hereditary information Sample Question 5. Describe the role of the cell membrane in maintaining homeostasis. Homeostasis The maintenance of a constant, stable environment internally example: body temperature Cell Membrane and Homeostasis utilizes active and passive transport diffusion and osmosis depends on environment (hydrophobic or hydrophilic) Hydrophobic versus Hydrophilic Hydrophobic • “water-fearing” • outside of cell • • Hydrophilic “water-loving” inside of cell Discussion If the cell were a community, what components would a cell have to have to function as a community? (boundaries— political, transportation, energy source) Lesson Summarized Write a sentence that explains the system discussed. Draw a graphic organizer that shows the relationship of the cell parts to the whole cell. Short Quiz Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A cell provides structure and function for an organism. Cells are the “building blocks” of life. Energy is produced in the mitochondria of cells. The cell membrane consists of a double layer of lipids and phosphate groups (a phospholipid bilayer). Because water is polar and lipids are non-polar, the cell does not dissolve in water. Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain a balanced and constant environment. Pro-no true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and Eu-true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles