Transcript What are cells? - Duplin County Schools

CELLS!
CELLS - APK
•
•
•
•
What are cells?
Where are they found?
Where do they come from?
What are they made of?
CELLS
• Listen
• Write down anything that you think might
be important later!
• When we’re done, see what you can find
about cells in your COACH or in your text!
Cell Theory
• All living things are made of cells.
• All cells come from other cells
• Cells are the basic unit of life.
• Some organisms are uni-cellular (one
celled), some organisms are multi-cellular
(many cells).
Some important info • Microscopes give us the ability to
look at cells more closely.
• When we look at the cells we can
tell whether they are plant or
animal cells based on the
organelles that are present.
•
Animal and Plant Cell
Illustrations
Animal cell
– Draw, label, and then color
– Add these organelles and tell what they do:
Mitochondria, lysosomes, nucleus, vacuoles,
ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies,
centrioles, cell membrane.
• Plant cell
– Draw, label, and then color
– Add these organelles and tell what they do:
Mitochondria, lysosomes, nucleus, vacuoles,
ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies,
centrioles, cell membrane, chloroplast, cell wall
ORGANELLES
• Organelles are the tiny structures
inside the cell that are responsible for
many different jobs.
• Organelles all have different
responsibilities just like the organs in
our bodies all have different
responsibilities.
CELL WALL
• The cell wall is a rigid layer of
nonliving material that surrounds
the cells of plants and some other
organisms.
• The cell wall is made of cellulose. It
is tough but flexible.
• The cell wall allows some materials
to travel through like oxygen and
water.
CELL MEMBRANE
• The cell membrane is just inside the
cell wall.
• The tiny openings in the cell
membrane control what travels into
and out of the cell.
• The cell membrane is like a screen on
a window. It allows some things to
travel back and forth, but stops other
things from traveling through.
CYTOPLASM
• The gelatin-like material that fills a
cell
• This material helps hold organelles in
place
• This material also allows materials
such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and
sugars to move throughout the cell
NUCLEUS
• The nucleus is the BRAIN of the cell.
• It is the control center that directs all
of the cell’s activities.
• The nucleus has a membrane also.
The membrane protects the nucleus
and allows some things to travel
through it.
NUCLEUS
• There are lots of strands in the nucleus.
• These strands are called CHROMATIN.
They contain the genetic material that
directs the functions of the cell.
• The nucleolus is a small object inside the
nucleus that makes ribosomes. These
ribosomes contain protein.
MITOCHONDRIA
• Mitochondria are known as the
“powerhouses” of the cell. The produce
most of the energy that the cell needs.
• Muscle cells have large numbers of
mitochondria.
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• This process happens in the mitochondria
• It turns food into energy
• Oxygen is used to help transform glucose
(food) into energy
• Carbon dioxide and water are released
during this process
• This process occurs in both plant and
animal cells
CHLOROPLASTS
• Only the cells of plants and a few other
organisms have these organelles.
• Chloroplasts capture energy from the
sunlight and use it to produce food for the
cell.
• Chloroplasts give plant cells their green
pigment.
• Chloroplasts are the most important
organelle in photosynthesis.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• This process happens in the chloroplast
• Carbon dioxide, water and sunlight are
used
• Glucose (food) is created and oxygen is
released
• This process occurs in plant cells and in
the cells of other producers
VACUOLES
• A vacuole is the storage area of the cell.
• Most plant cells have only one very big vacuole.
• Vacuoles store food, waste products, and other
materials for the cell.
• When the vacuole is full of water the plants are
plumped up and sturdy, but when the vacuoles
are running low on water it causes the plant to
wilt.
Make sure you know the major differences
between a plant and an animal cell!