Transcript Review for Cell Theory and Cell Organelle Exam

Review for Cell Theory and
Cell Organelle Exam
Test Date
Friday 11/10/06
All Objectives from Cell
Organelle
• List the 3 parts of the cell theory
• Determine why cell have to be small
• Compare the structure of prokaryotic and
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eukaryotic cells
Describe the role of the nucleus in cell
activity
Explain the role of each organelle in the cell
Summarize the importance of mitochondria
in eukaryotic cells
Identify 3 structures on plant cells that are
not present in animal cells
Vocabulary Words
Know these words and what their roles are if there
are any
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Cell theory
Cell membrane
Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Prokaryotic
Cell wall
Eukaryotic
nucleus
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Organelle
Phospholipids
Lipid bilayer
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Central vacuole
Cell Theory
The 3 parts to Cell Theory
1. All living things are made of one or more
cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in organisms
3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Cell Theory Scientists
• Robert Hooke 
Called it a cell
• Mattis Schledian 
Cell make up the
entire plant
Animals have cells too
• Theodor Schwann 
• Rudolph Virchow 
Cells comes from
other cells
4 Common Features in Cells
• Cell Membrane 
• Cytoplasm 
• Cytoskeleton 
• Ribosomes 
• Outer boundary
• Cells interior (cell
fluid)
• Bonelike structures
that supports the
cell
• Cellular structures
on which proteins
are made
Prokaryotes
• Single cells
organism that lacks
a nucleus and other
internal
compartments
• Early prokaryotes
lived at least 3.5
billion years ago
• Example: Bacteria
Prokaryote
• Cell wall: surrounds the
cell membrane and
provides structures and
support
• Flagella/cilia: long
thread like structures
that allow the
prokaryote to move
• Lack: cytoskeleton,
nuclear envelope, other
organelles
Eukaryotes
• Are organisms that
have a nucleus
• Have organelles
• Use flagella/cilia again
for movement (single
celled)
• Remember all
organelles: mitochondria,
microfilaments,
microtubules, Lysosomes,
Golgi Apparatus, Smooth ER,
Rough ER, Cell Membrane,
Ribosomes, Nucleus, nuclear
envelope, Nucleolus, Nuclear
pore
Eukaryotic Cells
• Remember both
plant and animal
cells can be
eukaryotic
• WHY?
Plant Cells
• Plant cells have a
few added parts that
make them unique
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Chloroplasts
Large Vacuole
Cell Wall
Square or block in
appearance
Animal Cells
• Animal cells have a
few added parts that
make them unique
• Cell membrane (lipid
bilayer)
• Round in appearance
Nucleus
• All important
information and the
function of cell are
contained here
• Made up of a
nuclear envelope,
nuclear pores and a
nucleolus
• DNA is kept here
Ribosomes
• Are the places at
which protein chain
(Amino acid chains)
are formed
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Is an extensive system
of internal membranes
that move proteins and
other substances
through the cell
• 2 Types
• Rough ER & Smooth ER
• (Post Office)
Golgi Apparatus
• Is a flattened
membrane –bound sacs
that serves as
packaging and
distribution center of
the cell
• Receives protein from
ER and sends it to parts
of cell that need it
(Mailman)
Lysosomes
• Small, spherical
organelles that
contain the cell’s
digestive enzymes
• Clean Up crew
• (Custodians)
Mitochondria (Farmer)
• That harvests
energy from organic
compounds to make
ATP (Adenosine
Triphosphate)
• 2 membranes
• Outer  smooth
• Inner  folded
(maze/large surface
area)
Mitochondrial DNA
• Mitochondria has its
own DNA
• A long time ago
mitochondria was a
bacteria cell on its own
• Then a eukaryotic cell
saw that it could be
useful to have and a
symbiotic relationship
followed
Chloroplasts
• Light harvesting
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organelles that make
carbohydrates from CO2
Found in plants and
also eukaryotic cells
such as: seaweed and
algae
Has 2 membranes
Contains its own DNA
Was a descendent of an
ancient prokaryotic
cells
Central Vacuole
• Stores water and
may contain many
substances,
including ions,
nutrients and
wastes
• When full it makes
the plant rigid
Cells
Cell Concept Map
Cells
can be
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
which are known as
which lack
bacteria
organelles
which are found in
protists
fungi
plants
which contain
animals
organelles
Cell Organelle Concept Map
Cell Organelles
Eukaryotic Cells
Chloroplasts
Plant Cells
Animal Cells
Which Contain
Which Contains
Cell Wall
Central Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
GOOD LUCK
• If you study this, your notes, your
handouts and textbook you will be ok
• Remember can we try not to have what
happened last time
• This will be found on the www.whsd.net
under cells than under review if you
need it tonight at home