Transcript Cell Structure & Function Review

CELLS
Structure & Function
Review
What is the function of the cell
membrane?
Controls what enters or leaves cell;
When DNA is loosely packed and
spread out in the nucleus of a cell of
non-dividing cells it is called
____________.
chromatin
prokaryotes
Bacteria are ______________
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
This storage space
is a ___________.
vacuole
http://library.thinkquest.org/3564/Cells/cell93.gif
Tell the 3 of the parts of the cell theory.
*All living things are made of cells.
*Cells are the basic units of structure &
function in an organism
* Cells are produced from existing cells.
Small structure in a cell that performs
a specific function
organelle
Name the Cell PEOPLE
German zoologist who
concluded all animals
Theodor
Schwann
are made of cells
_______________________
English scientist who 1st
saw “little boxes” in cork
and called them cells ___________________
Robert Hooke
Tell which part does it?
Mitochondria
Burns glucose ____________________
Controls what enters
Cell membrane
or leaves the cell ___________________
Guides chromosomes
Centrioles
during cell division __________________
Digests unwanted
Lysosomes
substances or cell parts _______________
Ribosomes
Makes proteins ______________________
Nucleus
Contains chromatin ___________________
Name the Cell PEOPLE
American biologist who
provided evidence for
Lynn Margulis
the Endosymbiotic theory ___________________
German physician who saw
dividing cells and reasoned
that cells come from existing cells.
Rudolph Virchow
___________________
Name the Cell PEOPLE
Dutch microscope maker who was
the first to observe LIVING cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
____________________________
Botanist who concluded that
ALL PLANTS are made of cells
______________________________
Matthias Schleiden
eukaryote
An animal cell is a ____________.
prokaryote
eukaryote
This organelle is
the ____________
Rough ER
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html
Name an organelle that assists with
movement
Cilia OR flagella OR CYTOSKELETON
Name the organelle which is called
the “power plant” of the cell
because it provides energy
mitochondrion
Name the storage space that is
larger in plants than animals.
vacuole
Name the molecule that provides
the energy for cell activities
ATP
Cells that have a cell membrane
but NOT a nuclear membrane are
________________
prokaryotes
Name the organelle that acts as the
cell’s control center.
nucleus
Cell membranes are made of these 2
main kinds of molecules.
Phospholipids & proteins
Name another kind of molecule that could
also be found in an animal cell membrane
Steroids OR glycoproteins
Name the dark spot in the nucleus of
a cell where ribosomes are made.
nucleolus
Membranes that allow certain molecules
to pass through and not others are said
to be ___________________
Selectively OR semi- permeable.
Programmed cell death or “cell
suicide” for the good of the
organism Apoptosis
ribosomes
Proteins are made on the __________
in a cell.
Tell which part does it?
Makes lipids
for membranes ____________________
smooth ER
Mitochondria
Stores energy as ATP ___________________
chromatin
Spread out DNA __________________
Modifies & transports proteins
made on its ribosomes ____________________
Rough ER
Regulates calcium levels
Smooth ER
in muscle cells
________________
Supports and protects
Cell wall
plant cells
___________________
In what kind of cell would you
expect to see chromatin?
Non-dividing
dividing
non-dividing
Thylakoid stacks would be seen inside
chloroplasts
_____________________
Mitochondria
Golgi bodies
chloroplasts
What’s the function?
Mitochondria ____________________
burn glucose; make ATP
Make proteins
Ribosomes ___________________
Cell wall __________________
support; protection
Golgi bodies ____________________
Package molecules for storage
Centrioles
or export
________________
Guide chromosomes apart
during cell division
Smooth ER Make
___________________
steroids in gland cells;
regulate calcium in muscle cells;
Break down toxins in liver
Cell organelles that burn
glucose and store energy as ATP.
mitochondria
This structure
Flagellum
is a __________
(pl. flagella)
Name an organelle that is made of
microtubules
Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella,
OR centrioles
A membrane protein with carbohydrates
attached to its surface that functions in
cell identification is called a
glycoprotein
____________________
Tell which part does it?
Mitochondria
Makes ATP ____________________
Controls what enters
nuclear envelope
or leaves the nucleus _________________
Cilia or flagella
Help cell move __________________
Modify, sort, & package
Golgi bodies
substances for transport _________________
nucleolus
Makes ribosomes ______________________
Nucleus
Control center of cell ___________________
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AnimalCells.html
Name this part.
GOLGI BODY
According to the Endosymbiotic theory, which
organelle probably evolved from
photosynthesizing bacteria that were incorporated
into early prokaryotic cells?
chloroplasts
Name an organelle besides the
nucleus that has DNA
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts
Tell one difference between
cilia and flagella.
Cilia- many, shorter
Flagella-one or two, longer
Name an organelle besides the
nucleus that has a double
membrane
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts
Give 2 kinds of evidence that support the
Endosymbiotic theory.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts:
have circular DNA like bacteria
divide using binary fission like bacteria
have lipids in their inner membranes like bacteria
have ribosomes like bacteria
Tell which part does it?
Contains genetic info __________________
nucleus
cytoskeleton
Give cell shape/support ____________
Few, long structures
flagella
for locomotion __________________
Provide more surface
cristae
area inside mitochondria _________________
chloroplast
Place for photosynthesis __________________
vacuole
Large storage space ___________________
Intracellular highway ______________________
Rough ER
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AnimalCells.html
Name this part.
Smooth ER
According to the Endosymbiotic theory, which
organelle probably evolved from aerobic bacteria
that were incorporated into early prokaryotic
cells?
mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum with
ribosomes attached is called
rough ER.
_________
Membrane bound sac that
contains digestive enzymes.
lysosome
This organelle
makes ATP.
mitochondrion
Because the phospholipids in a cell
membrane form 2 layers it is
called a _____________.
bilayer
Smooth ER does NOT have
_________
ribosomes attached
The _______________
is made of
cytoskeleton
microfilaments and microtubules and
helps the cell to maintain its shape.
The yellow part of this phospholipid
molecule stays on the outside of the
bilayer next to the water environment
because it is ______________.
polar
polar
nonpolar
What is the job of the ribosomes?
Make proteins
Pancake-like stack of membranes
that modify, sort, &package substances
for transport.
Golgi body
Tell which part does it?
smooth ER
Breaks down toxins ____________________
Mitochondria
Power plant ___________________
Tightly scrunched up DNA __________________
chromosomes
Allows molecules in &
Nuclear pores
out of nucleus ____________________
Sacs inside chloroplasts
________________
thylakoids
Supports and protects
Cell wall
bacterial cells
___________________
Name a cell part that
has this 9 + 2
arrangement of
microtubules
Cilia OR flagella
Organelle in a plant or animal cell that
contains the cell’s genetic material.
nucleus
The folded inner membrane in
the mitochondria which help to
increase the surface area for
chemical reactions is called the
_______________.
cristae
Ribosomes are made of
Protein
RNA
__________
& __________
http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC040844/animalcells.htm
Which of these proteins is a peripheral protein?
B; sticks on the surface of the membrane
What is the function of the
Rough ER?
Modify and transport molecules made
by its ribosomes
This organelle
is a _____________
Golgi Body
http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.htm
What’s the function?
modify/transport proteins
rough ER ____________________
Contain DNA; control center
nucleus ___________________
cytoskeleton __________________
support; give shape
cell membrane ____________________
Control what enters/leaves cell
chloroplast
________________
photosynthesis
water, food, molecules, waste
vacuole Stores
___________________
Make RNA for ribosomes
nucleolus ________________________
eukaryote
A plant cell is a ______________.
prokaryote
eukaryote
Name the organelle that carries out
photosynthesis.
chloroplast
Name the sacs found inside
chloroplasts that contain the
molecules for photosynthesis
thylakoids
Name the folded membranes found
inside mitochondria
cristae
http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC040844/animalcells.htm
Which of these proteins is an integral protein?
A; sticks INto the
membrane
The many short structures
on the top of this
cell are __________
cilia
Cells that have a nuclear membrane
are called ________________
eukaryotes
Describe the pathway a protein like insulin
might follow from where it is made until it
is secreted by a pancreas cell.
Plasma
ribosomes Rough Golgi →_______
_________→_______→______
ER
Animation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html
membrane
The organelle that regulates calcium in
muscle cells, makes lipids for
membranes, and breaks down toxins in
liver cells is the ____________________
Smooth ER
The cytoskeleton is made of
Microfilaments & ______________
microtubules
______________
The organelle that regulates calcium in
muscle cells, makes lipids for
membranes, and breaks down toxins in
liver cells is the ____________________
Smooth ER
The cytoskeleton is made of
Microfilaments & ______________
microtubules
______________
The blue part of this phospholipid
molecule stays inside the membrane
away from water because it is
Non polar
______________.
polar
nonpolar
A
B
C
D
E
A = ________________
Cell membrane
Rough ER
B = ________________
nucleus
C = ________________
Golgi Body
D= _________________
Mitochondrion
E= __________________
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Membranes/membrane.htm
Tell what this molecule
does
“self” identification
Tell what this
molecule
does
Store and
transfer
energy
Put in order of increasing size:
Organ
cell
organ system
organism tissue
organ
tissue
cell
_______
_________
 _________
organ system  ______________
organism
_____________
Name a cell part that
would use this
molecule
It is an amino acid;
ribosomes use it to make proteins
Name the cell part
that makes this
molecule
mitochondria
Put the following cells in order of
decreasing size:
Bacterium
Plant cell
Animal cell
Plant
_________
________
Animal  _________
Bacterium
small
smaller
smallest
How are the molecules in the cell walls
of these organisms different?
Plants
cellulose
Fungi
chitin
Bacteria
peptidoglycan
Which of these are EUKARYOTES?
Plants and fungi are eukaryotes
True or False
Bacteria don’t have a CELL
membrane.
FALSE; All cells have a cell
membrane on the outside
Name one of the functions of Smooth ER
Make lipids for membranes,
regulate calcium levels,
Break down toxic substances
Name an organelle besides the cell
nucleus that has its OWN DNA
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts
A group of cells that work together to
carry out a specific function are called
tissue
a _______________
Tell why cells switch their DNA
between chromatin and
chromosome forms
Chromosomes-tightly packed
so easy to move during cell division;
Chromatin-loosely packed and
spread out so it is easier to read and
get information when cell is “doing its
job”
Name this molecule found
in cell membranes
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/cells.htm
phospholipid
Name this cell part
centriole
http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4a.asp
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Membranes/membrane.htm
Name this molecule found
in cell membranes
glycoprotein
Name this
molecule
ATP
Image by Riedell
True or False
Bacteria don’t have ribosomes.
False; Yes, they do
Ribosomes aren’t made of membranes
True or False
Plant cells don’t have centrioles
True; at least we can’t see them
Name an organelle besides the cell nucleus
that is surrounded by a DOUBLE
membrane
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts
A group of organs that work together to
carry out a specific function are called
an _______________
Organ system
Name the process by which your fingers
and toes formed from paddle-like
structures and your tail disappeared?
apoptosis
http://www.mgm.ufl.edu/images/bharfe/image3.jpg
http://www.nurseminerva.co.uk/tail_bud.htm
Centrioles are only seen in
__________________________
cells.
dividing animal
You would expect to see cristae inside
a ________________
mitochondrion
Cells that need a lot of energy
probably have a lot of ______________
mitochondria
Golgi bodies
Smooth ER
mitochondria
centrioles
Endoplasmic reticulum without
ribosomes attached is called
_____________________
Smooth ER
A membrane that
lets certain
molecules pass
through and not
others is called
_______________
Semi permeable OR
selectively permeable
http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg
The ___________
cell
is the basic unit
of life.
What do ribosomes make?
proteins
Process in which cells change
and develop into different
kinds of cells doing different
jobs
Differentiation OR cell specialization
Idea that all living things are made of
cells; cells are the basic units of structure
and function in living things; and new cells
are produced from existing cells
Cell theory
Molecule found in the cell
walls of fungi that makes
them sturdy
chitin
Membrane sacs stacked like
pancakes in a Golgi body
cisternae
Collection of living material enclosed by a
barrier that separates it from its
surroundings; the basic unit of life
cell
Log-like structures that help organize
the spindle and guide the chromosomes
apart during cell division in animal cells
centrioles
DNA with attached proteins found
spread out in the nucleus of
non-dividing cells
chromatin
Describes molecules that try to
stay away from water…
means “water fearing”
hydrophobic
Group of different organs
working together
organ system
Protein found in cell membranes
which helps molecules get across
the membrane
transport protein
“Walking” proteins that interact with
the microtubules in the cytoskeleton
to move chromosomes or cell parts
Motor proteins
Protein found on the inside or outside
surface of cell membranes
Peripheral proteins
Theory that suggests that mitochondria
and chloroplasts evolved from
prokaryotic ancestors that were
engulfed and stayed to live in an
ancient host cell
Endosymbiotic theory
Protein found embedded in the
phospholipid bilayer in cell membranes;
these can go part way or all the way
across the membrane
integral proteins
Tell one way plant cells and animal cells
are alike?
Both:
are eukaryotes
have a nuclear membrane
have membrane bound organelles
have a cell membrane
have DNA in multiple chromosomes
Tell one way plant cells and bacterial
cells are alike?
Both:
have a cell wall
have a cell membrane
have DNA
have a cytoskeleton
have ribosomes
Tell one way animal cells and bacterial
cells are alike?
Both:
have a cell membrane
have DNA
have a cytoskeleton
have ribosomes
Tell one way plant cells are different
from animal cells?
PLANTS
ANIMALS
Have cell wall
Have chloroplasts
no centrioles
Big vacuole
NO cell wall
No chloroplasts
have centrioles
small vacuole
Tell one way plant cells are different
from bacteria cells?
PLANTS
Bacteria
Eukaryotes
Have chloroplasts
Cellulose
in cell wall
Big vacuole
nucleus
Membrane bound organelles
prokaryotes
No chloroplasts
peptidoglycan
in cell wall
no vacuole
no nucleus
No membrane bound
organelles
Tell one way animal cells are different
from bacteria cells?
Animal
Bacteria
Eukaryotes
No cell wall
vacuole
nucleus
Membrane bound organelles
prokaryotes
cell wall
no vacuole
no nucleus
No membrane bound
organelles
no centrioles
Centrioles