Transcript 3.1 Rock Cycle

Starter
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What charges do protons, neutrons, and electrons
have?
Minerals that form from magma form as the result
of _______________________.
Why is color not a useful identification property?
What is a mineral’s streak?
What is the most common mineral group?
Starter
1. Recent global warming appears to be the result of
a.
b.
c.
d.
Changes in global wind patterns
A decrease in the greenhouse effect
Increases in greenhouse gases in the air
Changes in Earth’s revolution around the sun
2. Melting ice caps result in which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
A rise in sea level
A fall in sea level
Colder temperatures
Less precipitation
3. In a dry climate, yearly precipitation is
a.
b.
c.
d.
Less than the rate of evaporation
Greater than the rate of evaporation
Greater in a desert than in a steppe
Less than in a polar climate
3.1 The Rock Cycle P.64
http://www.public-domain-image.com/naturelandscape/canyon/slides/bryce-canyon-hoodoos.jpg
Today, you will be able to:
• Define the term rock.
•Identify the three major types of rocks and explain how
they differ.
•Describe the rock cycle.
•List the forces that power Earth’s rock cycle.
Vocabulary
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Rock
Igneous rock
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Rock cycle
Magma
Lava
Weathering
Sediments
Rocks
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Rocks contain clues about the environments in which
they were formed.
For example, rocks with shell fragments were
probably formed near the ocean and volcanic rocks
give clues to where volcanic activity has occurred on
Earth.
A rock is any solid mass of minerals or mineral-like
matter occurring naturally as part of Earth.
Most rocks are combinations of many minerals and
can be classified based on their composition and
texture.
Rocks
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Rocks are generally grouped into one of three
groups based on how they formed. These three
groups are igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary.
All three groups interact with each other. The
process that shows how the groups interact is called
the rock cycle.
The Rock Cycle
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Magma is melted
material beneath
Earth’s surface.
When it cools and
hardens (crystallizes)
below the surface or
during a volcanic
eruption, an igneous
rock is formed.
Magma that reaches
the surface is called
lava.
Igneous Rocks
Obsidian
http://www.oldearth.org/cur
riculum/geology/images/Obs
idian1.jpg
Granite
http://0.tqn.com/d/geology/1
/0/g/V/granitesalinia.jpg
Pumice
http://0.tqn.com/d/geology/1
/0/L/W/pumiceoakland.jpg
The Rock Cycle
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Any rock on the surface
will eventually break
down.
Weathering is a process
in which rocks are
physically and
chemically broken
down by water, wind,
and living things.
Weathered pieces of
rock are called
sediments.
The Rock Cycle
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Sediments are moved
around Earth by water,
wind, gravity, and
other organisms.
Eventually, after
sediments are
deposited, they can be
compacted and
cemented together to
form a sedimentary
rock.
Sedimentary Rocks
Siltstone
http://0.tqn.com/d/geology/1
/0/m/7/1/mckittrick9.jpg
http://academics.smcvt.edu/
vtgeographic/textbook/geol
ogy/Sedimentary_layers.jpg
The Rock Cycle
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Any rock that is
exposed to extreme
changes in heat and
pressure will undergo a
change.
This change results in a
metamorphic rock.
Metamorphic Rocks
Gneiss
Slate
http://0.tqn.com/d/geology/1
/0/Y/S/1/rocpicgneiss.jpg
http://0.tqn.com/d/geology/1
/0/f/S/1/rocpicslate.jpg
The Rock Cycle
• Where does the energy that drives Earth’s rock
cycle come from?
– Processes driven by heat from Earth’s interior
are responsible for forming igneous and
metamorphic rocks.
– Weathering and movement of sediments are
external processes powered by energy from the
sun.
• Internal  igneous, metamorphic
• External  sedimentary
The Rock Cycle (page 63)
Post-Test (page 42)
1. What is a rock?
2. What are the three major types of rocks?
3. How do igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic rocks differ?
4. What is the rock cycle?
5. What powers the Earth’s rock cycle?