Transcript Rocks
Name: _________________ Period: ______ Date: __________________ks ROCKS What is a Rock? Can be composed as one ______________ or more in various quantities. Can be composed of other material besides minerals: Organic matter Glass Rock Cycle Continuous ______________ and _____________ of rocks. Changing one form or rock to another Three main forms ________________ ________________ ________________ Igneous Means from “___________” Made from cooled molten material (the parent material for all rocks) Classified by _________ (mineral content) and ____________(mineral crystal size) Can be ___________ (plutonic): from magma Can be ___________ (volcanic): from lava Can be ___________ (dark colored minerals Can be __________ ( light colored minerals) Texture Based on the size of mineral crystals _______________: cooled fast, no individual crystals formed _______________: cooled quickly, individual minerals can be identified with assistance _______________: cooled slowly, individual minerals can be seen without assistance _______________: different sizes to the texture based on the rock cooling then reheating and cooling again Igneous Families _____________Family: Made from minerals that are light in color, mostly silicates (quartz, mica, feldspars) Most common rocks: granite, rhyolite, pumice, and obsidian ____________ Family: Made from minerals that are dark in color, mostly silicates (biotite, pyroxene, olivine) Most common: gabbro, basalt, scoria ____________ Family: These are igneous rocks that can fit into either family due to varying amounts of minerals and their quantities Sedimentary Means comes from _________________________________ Formed by ___________ (pressure) and _______________ (glued) Categorized by distinctive features that form the rocks Found mostly by water Clastic Found by running water (rivers) Formed by fragments of other rocks A streams capacity and competency (the strenght of the water and carrying power) will sort the sediments out. Common: conglomerate, sandstone, shale Held together by natural cements : silica, calcite, iron oxide Chemical Formed from waters with dissolved minerals that precipitate out of solution (water dissolves and minerals glue together) Most common: halite (rock salt), gypsum, compact or chemical limestone Organic Formed from the plant and animal remains Most common: coal and shell limestone Sedimentary Features Stratification; arrangement of rock into visible layers Fossils: remains, imprint, or other evidence preserved Ripple marks: erosion actions that are left on rocks (wind, streams, waves, or currents) Mud cracks: wet clay dries and compacts, splits Nodules: lumps of hard-grained silica Concretions: round solid masses of calcium carbonate occur in shale Geodes: sphere of silica rocks with hollowed centers that contain quartz or calcite crystals Metamorphic Formed from preexisting rocks Formed by applied heat and pressure ________________Metamorphism: large areas changed by intense heat and pressure ( mountain ranges) ________________Metamorphism: hot magma moves onto the rock and changes it Types of Metamorphic Rock ___________: the pressing of existing rock which squeezes the mineral crystals into flat bands Example: granite becomes gneiss Most common; gneiss, schist, slate ______________: (chemical): the changing of existing rock by intense heat Most common: quartzite and marble