Transcript higher geography lithosphere core

LITHOSPHERE CORE
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES
After working
through this section
you should be aware
that;§
The British Isles has a great variety of
landforms which are a result of external and
internal processes operating over long periods of
time.
§
The shaping of the surface involves
weathering and mass movement, erosion,
transportation and deposition by rivers, glaciers
and the sea.
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LITHOSPHERE CORE
INTRODUCTION
§
The British Isles have varied regional
landscapes reflecting the structure, rock type
and the various processes of denudation. These
include our case study scenery typesglaciated uplands,
upland Carboniferous Limestone, and
coastal erosion /deposition features.
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INTRODUCTION
By the end, you should be able to;-
o Identify, explain and label the main
landscape features on maps, photographs and
sketches.
o Construct and interpret cross sections
and transects
These slide-shows are all on the Prepwork folder
if you wish to copy any notes from them; we will
not be stopping in class for you to do this
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INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION- ROCKS AND SOILS.
This topic is about GEOMORPHOLOGYGEO meaning our land/ planet/the Earth.
MORPH meaning shape.
OLOGY meaning study.
So in this unit we will be studying how the
land got to be the shape it is.
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INTRODUCTION
To do this, we need to be able to explain the
PROCESSES at work shaping the land, and the
FACTORS that control the changes.
The first thing
we need to study
is the type of
rocks on the
planet and how
they will react to
processes acting
on them
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INTRODUCTION
The next few slides will show you about different
rock types and illustrate their characteristics
and how they influence scenery.
There are 3 types of rock:
IGNEOUS
SEDIMENTARY
COPY THE PURPLE
SENTENCES
METAMORPHIC
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INTRODUCTION
Igneous rocks
come from melted rock material called magma/ lava.
Some have small
crystals as they have
cooled quickly at the
surface. An example of
this type of igneous
rock is basalt.
Some have large crystals
as they have cooled
slowly deep underground.
An example of this type
of igneous rock is granite.
In igneous rocks the crystals are in a random order
(no pattern). These are all hard, resistant rocks,
and form high ground as they do not wear away
easily.
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LITHOSPHERE CORE
INTRODUCTION
Sedimentary rocks
These are made from layers of sediment. They are
grainy and crumbly and may contain fossils.
They can be very soft or quite resistant, depending
on many factors.
Most form low ground as they can be fairly easily
eroded.
Examples of sedimentary rocks are- ( softest)
mudstone, clay,- sandstone and limestone ( hardest ).
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INTRODUCTION
Sedimentary rock – sedimentation
layers of
sediments
getting older
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INTRODUCTION
Metamorphic rocks
Metamorphic rocks are hard and very
variable!.
They have been altered from other kinds of
rock by heat and/or squeezing.
Metamorphic rocks often show small crystals
in layers (bands). Some are warped into
wrinkles.
Examples of metamorphic rocks
are slate and marble.
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INTRODUCTION
Metamorphic rocks
Continent collision causes metamorphism and
huge folds like this one in Scotland.
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INTRODUCTION
The map here shows
the distribution of
the different types
of rocks in the UK.
Take a copy of this
map and stick it into
your jotter.
Colour the three
rock types
differently.
SEE NEXT
SLIDE
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INTRODUCTION
Compare your map to a
relief map in the Atlas.
Discuss your findings in class and
in a sentence or two, explain
what the Tees- Exe line
represents.
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INTRODUCTION
QUESTION;- When is erosion not erosion?
ANSWER;-
when it is weathering!
Erosion is when the material
worn from the land gets
removed far from the site of
activity.
Weathering is when the
particles stay close to the area
and form specific features!
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INTRODUCTION
MASS MOVEMENTS
These are the different ways our three rock
types can respond to the processes that wear
them down.
There are different types which you need to
learn.
Work your way
through the tasks
You will need
on the next set of
the Course
slides, then go
booklet, pages 3
home and LEARN
– 10.
THESE NOTES
UP!
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