Transcript Week 18 Science Benchmark Review

Benchmark Review
• 5.7C- Alternative Energy Resources
• Hydroelectric Energy- energy created from
moving water
• Geothermal Energy- heat energy generated
from within the Earth
• Wind Energy- energy created from moving wind
• Solar Energy- energy created by the sun
• Biofuels- energy created from waste and
organic material
• Alternative energy resources are important
because they are renewable (can get again)
5.7A- Formation of sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels
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Fossil fuels are nonrenewable (cannot get back once used)
3 fossil fuels
Coal
Oil
Natural Gas
How they are formed:
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Natural Gas and Oil- organisms from millions of years ago died and sank to the bottom of
oceans. Over time, many layers of sediments were deposited on the organism. Due to the
many layers, heat and pressure were applied, thus creating natural gas and oil.
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Coal- plants and organisms from millions of years ago died and sank to the bottom of swamps.
Over time, many layers of sediments were deposited on the organism. Due to the many layers,
heat and pressure were applied, thus creating coal.
Formation of sedimentary rock•
Over millions of years of sediment layers being deposited, they heat and pressure created
sedimentary rock.
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The oldest layers are found on the bottom and the youngest layers are found on
the top.
• 5.7D- Using fossil evidence to tell us
about the past
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• Make sure to use any tables, charts, and
keys to help you with these questions
• Make sure you pay attention to the type of
soils the fossils were found in
• 5.7B- Forces such as wind, water, and ice can shape our Earth
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Landforms- valleys, mountains, deltas, sand dunes, canyons, etc.
Weathering- the breaking apart of rocks by wind, water, ice, etc.
Erosion- when sediments are being transported, moved
Deposition- when sediments drop into a new location and begin to
pile up
• Canyons are formed from weathering and erosion of moving water
• Sand dunes are formed from deposition of sand
• Deltas are formed when sediments are weather and eroded from a
river and are deposited at the mouth of the river.
• Glaciers can change a V-shaped valley into a U-shaped valley
• 5.8A- Weather vs. Climate
• Weather is daily change in atmospheric conditions
(usually seen as percentages)
• Examples: Today, it will be sunny and warm
Next week, it will be rainy and cold
• Climate is the average atmospheric conditions over a
long period of time (usually seen as averages)
• Examples: The overall climate of Alaska is very cold
The overall climate of Florida is warm and humid
• 5.8B- The suns role in the water cycle
• The sun is the #1 energy source on Earth
and is responsible for the water cycle
When doing a lab on erosion, the
first thing you should do is…
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A. Start playing with the sand
B. Dump the water in the sand
C. Listen for the instructions
D. Blow the sand onto the table
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When demonstrating that wind can
erode sand by gently blowing on
the sand, you should probably be
wearing what piece of safety
equipment?
• Safety Goggles
Reflection is when light _____ off
an object and refraction is when
light _____ through and object.
• Reflection = Bounces
• Refraction = Bends
Name 2 objects that reflect light.
• Mirror
• Tinted Windows
• Shiny Metal
Name 2 objects that refract light.
• Prism
• Lenses (eyeglasses, hand lens, etc)
• Glass of water
Why are alternative energy sources
important?
• Because they are our option to replacing
fossil fuels, which could eventually run out
one day.
Name the 5 alternative energy
sources.
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Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Hydroelectric Energy
Biofuels
Geothermal Energy
Which alternative energy source
gets its energy from the heat inside
the Earth?
• Geothermal Energy
Which alternative energy source
produces energy from moving
water?
• Hydroelectric Energy
Name the 3 fossil fuels.
• Oil
• Coal
• Natural Gas
Give one example of a
nonrenewable energy source.
• Any fossil fuel… coal, oil, natural gas
Give one example of a renewable/
inexhaustible energy source.
• Solar Energy
A force is a push or a pull. Name
the 3 main forces.
• Gravity
• Magnetism
• Friction
If you were rolling a ball on the
ground, which surface would have
more friction? Carpet or Cement?
• Carpet
If you throw a ball into the air, what
force brings it back to Earth?
• Gravity
Which of the following could be an
experiment that is testing forces?
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A. The color of a car is blue and red
B. The car has 4 wheels and 2 doors
C. The car cost $5 and the ramp cost $3
D. The car travels further when placed on
a ramp that is 10 in. high then when
placed on a ramp that is 5 in. high
• D
What is the definition of weather?
• Weather is the daily change of
atmospheric conditions
What is the definition of climate?
• Climate is the average of the daily
changes of years.
Is it climate or weather?
• Next week will be cold
• It is usually dry in the desert
• For the last week it has been warm, but it
is usually very cold in Alaska
• Tomorrow the high temperature is 66
• On Thursday, it is predicted to be stormy
According to the weather chart,
what is the weather like in Florida?
What energy source drives the
water cycle?
• The sun
How does the heat from the sun
affect the water cycle?
• The heat from the sun evaporates the
water.
When the gas begins to cool down
and turn back into a liquid, what
stage is this called?
• Condensation
Give 2 examples of a landform
found on Earth’s surface.
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Canyon
Valley
Mountain
Delta
Sand Dune
When rocks break into sediments
because of wind, water, or ice, this
is called __________.
• Weathering
Explain how the hole probably
formed in the rock.
• The waves from the ocean weathered and
eroded away the rock slowly over time.
Give an example of a landform that
is formed from deposition.
• Sand Dunes
• Deltas
The grand canyon was carved by…
• Moving water from a river
Explain how a glacier can change
the shape of a valley.
• A glacier can turn a “V” shaped valley into
a “U” shaped valley.
Explain how fossil fuels are formed.
• Fossil fuels are formed from heat and
pressure being applied to buried decaying
plant/ animal material millions of years
ago.
Explain how sedimentary rocks are
formed.
• Sedimentary rocks are formed from heat
and pressure being applied to sediments
over millions of years.
Why are fossils important?
• Fossils are the key to the past. They tell
us about what organisms and the land
were like millions of years ago.
Where are the oldest fossil/ layers
of land found? Where are the
youngest fossils/ layers of land
found?
• The oldest is found at the bottom.
• The youngest is found at the top.