Transcript Science
Science • The study of the natural world and its processes. Safety • Prevention against hurt, injury, or loss. Safety Equipment • Tools used to prevent against injury or loss. Scientific Method • A method of research where scientists test a problem and document their results. Investigation • A formal examination or research Prediction • A statement about something which may occur. Matter • Anything that has mass and takes up space. • Magnetism • Attracted to a magnet because it contains iron. Mass • Amount of matter in an object. Physical State • The classification of matter as a solid, liquid, or gas. Thermal Energy • Energy that causes a change in temperature between substances. Inference • An explanation based on what you already know or what you have seen. Relative Density • Objects that are more dense sink in water, less dense objects float in water. Solubility • Measurement of the ability for some types of matter to dissolve in a liquid. Dissolve • To break down and spread out evenly in a liquid. Mixture • A combination of two or more substances where each keeps its own properties and can be easily separated. Electrical Energy • Energy produced by the movement of electrons. Conductor • Material that allows electric current or heat energy to flow through easily. Insulator • Material that slows down or stops electric current or heat from flowing. Energy Mechanical Energy Light Energy Sound Energy Alternative Energy Resource • Energy generated by natural processes that is renewable. Wind Energy • Energy from moving air that turns the blades of a turbine to generate electricity. Solar Energy • Energy that comes from the Sun. Bio Fuel / Biomass • Fuel made from plants, animal wastes, and decomposing plant and animal tissue. • Renewable Resource • Materials from the Earth that can be replaced by nature in a short period of time; for example trees. Nonrenewable Resource • Materials from the Earth that cannot be replaced within a reasonable amount of time; for example, coal, oil, and natural gas. Fossil Fuel • A flammable material made from the waste and remains of plants and animals in the Earth’s crust that is used to produce heat and power. Hydroelectricity • Electricity made from the energy of moving or falling water. Geothermal • Energy that comes from the natural heat inside the earth. Electric Circuit • The pathway through which electrical current flows. Electromagnetism • Magnetism created by an electric current; examples are MRI and Electric motors. Force • A push or pull that causes an object to move, stop, or change directions. Gravity • A force that pulls objects toward the center of Earth. Friction • A force that slows or stops motion when objects rub together. Inertia • The property of an object that resists movement by a force. Kinetic Energy • Energy in motion Potential Energy • Energy that is stored Illuminate • To light up Reflection • Energy waves bouncing off the surface of an object. (mirrors or echoes return energy back to their source) Refraction • Energy waves that bend (change direction and speed) as they pass from one type of object to another type. Organic Matter • The waste and remains of plants and animals Pressure • The action of force by one object against another (in a geyser, hot water escapes the pressure from under layers of the earth’s crust) Sedimentary Rock • Rock made of layers of compressed organic and inorganic sediments. Oil • A flammable liquid produced from organic matter (remains of marine organisms) buried under layers of sediments for millions of years. Natural Gas • A flammable material without a definite form, produced from organic material (remains of marine organisms) buried under layers of sediments found near oil deposits. Weathering • The breakdown of rock into smaller particles (sediments) from the effects of wind, water, and ice. Erosion • The movement of weathered material on the Earth’s surface by wind, water, or ice. Deposition • The build up of land by depositing sediment and soil in a new location. Landform • Features on the surface of the earth such as mountains, hill, dunes, oceans, and rivers. Delta • A triangle-shaped (deposit) landform at the mouth of a river as it empties into another body of water. Canyon • A deep gorge in the surface of the Earth formed by the erosion of moving water and sand. Sand Dune • Hills formed by the wind blowing sand Volcano: • Created from the mixture of molten lave, ash, and gases from the middle of the Earth that erupts through a crack in the Earth’s surface. Earthquake • A sudden release of energy under the Earth’s surface that makes the ground shake or crack.