Transcript hot water cools - Effingham County Schools

A mineral is a substance that:
1. forms in nature
2. is a solid and made up of substances that were never
alive.
3. has a definite chemical make-up
4. has a crystal structure
• A rock:
1. is a solid
2. it forms naturally
3. it usually contains 2 or more
minerals
• Minerals are formed by natural processes.
• Every type of mineral can form in nature
by processes that do not involve living
organisms.
• Do rocks make up minerals or do Minerals
make up rocks?
• What is the difference between a rock and
a mineral?
• Minerals are solid.
• 1. Minerals are made up of elements.
• 2. An element is a substance that contains only one
type of atom.
• 3. An atom is the smallest particle an element can be
divided into.
•Each mineral has a definite chemical makeup: it
consist of a specific combination of atoms or certain
elements.
•Minerals Gold and Copper contain atoms of the
same type. Minerals Halite has atoms of sodium and
chlorine.
•The type of minerals that form in an area depends in
part on what elements are found there.
• Minerals are classified based on chemical
composition into 2 groups.
– Silicates & Non-silicates
– All the minerals in the silicate group contain
oxygen and silicon – the two most common
elements in Earth’s crust.
Crystal Structure: A Crystal is a solid.
• In a crystal the atoms are arranged in an orderly,
repeating three-dimensional pattern.
• Each mineral has its own type of crystal structure.
• In some cases, two minerals have the same chemical
composition but different crystal structures.
• Mineral crystals that are valued for their
beauty rather than for usefulness, are
attractive and rare, and are hard enough
to be cut and polished are called gems.
Diamond and graphite are made of just one
element- carbon. But, the arrangements of the
carbon atoms in these two minerals are not the
same, so they have different crystal structures
and very different properties. Diamonds are
extremely hard and have a brilliant sparkle.
Graphite is soft, gray and dull.
• * Minerals form many ways:
1. Halite forms when water evaporates in a hot shallow
part of the ocean, leaving behind the salt. (Halite used in
table salt)
2. Talc, a mineral used to make baby powder, forms
deep in Earth as high pressure & temperature causes
changes in solid rock.
3.
Minerals such as quartz grow as molten rock cools.
4.
As hot water cools, the dissolved minerals in the
water separate from the water and become solid. Gold
5.
A few minerals are produced by living things .
Ores
A rock is an ore if they contain enough of
a mineral to be mined for profit.
Minerals are a nonrenewable resource. It
is used up more quickly than it can be
replaced in nature.