Transcript PowerPoint Organelle Review

These round
structures are found
floating in the
cytoplasm.
Nucleus
• The nucleus is the
genetic control
center
• The chromosomes
are replicated,
organized and
stored here.
Nuclear Membrane
• The nuclear
membrane covers
the nucleus.
• It allows
materials to flow
in and out of
small pores.
Nucleolus
• This round structure appears
as a dark dot in the nucleus.
Ribosomes are made here.
Chromosomes
• Chromosomes are long
string-like structures.
• They are coiled to fit
into the nucleus.
• Chromosomes are made
of DNA.
• They are the genetic
information of the
organism.
Chromosomes
• Also called
chromatin when
it is uncoiled.
Each of the circles above is a cell membrane.
This thin covering forms the outside layer of cells.
•Consists of
lipids in a
“bi-layer”,
proteins, and
some
carbohydrates.
•Outer limiting
boundary of all
cells
•Selective
barrier between
the inside and
outside of the
cell
Bi-layer split
• The Cell wall gives the cell
shape and protects the cell
from any foreign objects.
• Bacteria, fungi and plant cells
contains cell walls.
• It is rigid and
inflexible
• Cellulose is a strength
molecule in plant cell
walls.
Cell Wall
Cell Wall
• Functions: it
lends the cell
stability, it
determines its
shape and
provides
support.
Cell Walls
• The cell wall
is located just
outside of the
cell membrane
• Cell’s power source
• Organelles with two
membranes
• Found in the cytoplasm
• Usually rod shaped,
although some are
round
•Convert energy into
forms that are useable
by the cell.
Lysosomes
These bag-like structures are found
in the cytoplasm
They are membrane-bounded
organelles filled with digestive
enzymes.
They break down old organelles
and cells like they would food.
They can destroy a cell if
accidentally opened.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER) is found between the
nucleus and the cell
membrane
• It is made of a system of
folded membranes that create
sacs and channels
• There are to different types of
ER:
-rough ER which has
ribosomes for protien
synthesis.
-smooth ER which is
without ribosomes for lipid
synthesis
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• The ER is
responsible for
biosynthesis and
transportation
of materials
inside of the
cell.
• Ribosomes are small
round organelles made of
two sub parts.
• They are found loose in
the cytoplasm or attached
to the ER.
• They are the site of
protein synthesis.
Golgi Body
(Named after the Italian Biologist Camillo Golgi)
• Each of the body
consists of
flattened
membrane sacs
that are plate-like
in shape.
• They are
considered the
final packaging
location for
proteins and lipids.
• They prepare
hormones and
digestive enzymes
before sending
them out.
Vacuole
• The vacuole is a membrane
enclosed sac filled with
fluid or food. .
• Most plants have a
large single vacuole
VACUOLE
• Animal cells have
several smaller
vacuoles.
• They are used for
storage and digestion.
• The
contractile
vacuole is a
specialized
pump used
to remove
water from
the cell
quickly.
Plastids:
CHLOROPLAST
• Small & round organelles
found in plants and
photosynthetic protists.
• Takes energy from the sun to
create food (Photosynthesis).
• Chloroplasts have 2
membranes and are filled
with the sugar they make.
Chloroplasts are always green.
Chromoplasts store pigments of many different colors.
Leucoplasts store food in plants like
potatoes and carrots.
Centrioles
A pair of tube-like structures
that contain nine sets of three
rods.
•They are
usually close to
the nucleus
outside the
nuclear
membrane.
•Centrioles are
involved in cell
divisions (mitosis
and meiosis.)
Cytoplasm
• Cytoplasm is the clear,
gel-like substance that
fills most of the cell.
• It is where many
reactions occur.
• The organelles are
floating in it.