Transcript The Cell
Do Now: • Draw a picture of a cell and label as many parts as you can. The Cell • The parts of a cell are called? • Organelles. • Organelles means “little organs” Types of Cells • Plant cell Animal cell The Cell Membrane • Surrounds the cell • Allows materials to move in and out • The Cell Membrane (1min 1sec).asf Chromosomes • Made of DNA • Instructions for building the body Nucleus • Contains the Chromosomes • Found in the center of the cell • Organelles - The Nucleus (1min 6sec).asf Nuclear Membrane • Separates Chromosomes from the rest of the cell. Cytoplasm • Supports the Organelles. • Many chemical reactions happen here. • The Cytoplasm (21sec).asf Just like complex organisms, cells are able to survive by coordinating various activities. Complex organisms have a variety of systems, and cells have a variety of organelles that work to help the cell survive. Describe the role of two organelles. In your answer be sure to include: • The names of two organelles and the function of each. • An explanation of how the organelle does it’s job. • The name of the organelle and the name of a part of the human body that has a similar function. Mitochondria • Site of cellular respiration (production of ATP) • Powerhouse of the cell • Organelles - Mitochondria.asf Ribosomes • Site of protein synthesis (use information from DNA to make proteins) • Very tiny Endoplasmic Reticulum • Transports materials around the cell • Network of passageways • Organelles - The Endoplasmic Reticulum (33sec).asf Golgi Body • Packages materials for export out of the cell Centrioles and Spindle Fibers • Centrioles are anchor point for spindle fibers • Spindle fibers appear during cell division Lysosomes • Contains enzymes that digest foreign particles and old cell parts Vacuole • Storage space for food, water or waste products. Vacuole Cell Wall • Protective outer layer on plant cells • Adds support Chloroplast • Contain Chlorophyll • Site of Photosynthesis • Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis (50sec).asf Write down a part of the cell we learned today that you think is most important and describe why you think it is most important. • Ask a neighbor what they thought was most important and why. • Pick ONE. • Why did you decide to pick that one? •The End Cell Parts (organelles) • There are two types of cells that we are going to be talking about. • Animals are made up of what type of cell? • Answer: Animal cells! (includes humans). • Plants are made up of what type of cell? • Answer: Plant cells! Animal Cell Parts of the Animal cell • Part # 1 – The Nucleus. • The nucleus is the control center of the cell. • It contains the chromosomes which are made of DNA. Part #2 – The Nuclear Membrane • The Nuclear Membrane surrounds the nucleus and keeps the Chromosomes separate from the cytoplasm. Part #2 – The Nuclear Membrane Part #3 – Chromosomes • Structure found in the nucleus that contains hereditary material. Part #3 – Chromosomes Part #4 – Centrioles • Cylindrical structures only found in animal cells that aid in replication (cell division). Part #5 - Mitochondria • Breaks down food and releases energy. • Often called the powerhouse of the cell. Part #6 - Cytoplasm • Gel-like liquid that all of the other organelles float around in. • Most of the chemical reactions that occur in the cell happen in the cytoplasm. Part #7 – Cell Membrane • Protective outer covering of all cells that regulates what goes in and out of the cell. Part #8 - Vacuole • Space within the cell that can be used to store food, water or waste products. • Vacuoles are the storage compartments of the cell. Part #9 – Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Network of folded membranes that act as a transport system for materials in the cell. • Can be Rough or Smooth. • Rough ER – Has ribosomes attached to it. • Smooth ER – No ribosomes attached to it. Part #10 - Ribosomes • This organelle is used to make proteins within the cell. • Ribosomes are like the factories of the cell where small structures (amino acids) are put together to form larger structures (proteins). Parts of the Plant Cell • Plants have organelles in them that Animal cells don’t have. Part #1 - Ribosomes • This organelle is used to make proteins within the cell. • Ribosomes are like the factories of the cell where small structures (amino acids) are put together to form larger structures (proteins). Part #2 – Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Network of folded membranes that act as a transport system for materials in the cell. • Can be Rough or Smooth. • Rough ER – Has ribosomes attached to it. • Smooth ER – No ribosomes attached to it. Part #4 - Nucleus • The nucleus is the control center of the cell. • It contains the chromosomes that are made of DNA. Part #3 – Cell Wall • Rigid structure that encloses, supports and protects the cells of plants, algae, fungi and most bacteria. • Cell walls in plants are made of cellulose. Part #2 – The Nuclear Membrane • The Nuclear Membrane surrounds the nucleus and keeps the Chromosomes separate from the cytoplasm. Part #6 – Chromosomes • Structure found in the nucleus that contains hereditary material. Nuclear membrane and Chromosomes Part #7 – Cell Membrane • Protective outer covering of all cells that regulates what goes in and out of the cell. Part #8 - Cytoplasm • Gel-like liquid that all of the other organelles float around in. • Most of the chemical reactions that occur in the cell happen in the cytoplasm. Part #9 - Mitochondria • Breaks down food and releases energy. • Often called the powerhouse of the cell. Part #10 – Chloroplasts • • • • Structures found only in the plant cell. Site of photosynthesis. Photo = Light, Synthesis = To make. So Photosynthesis is to make something (glucose) using Light! Part #11 - Vacuole • Space within the cell that can be used to store food, water or waste products. • Vacuoles are the storage compartments of the cell.