Transcript NUTRITION: Nutrients That Promote Energy

NUTRITION:
Nutrients That Regulate
Ms. Mai
Lawndale High School
Vitamins, Minerals, and Water
Vitamins, minerals, and water are not
digested by your body, and do not have
any Calories
They are released from the foods you
eat and absorbed by the body’s tissues
They promote growth and regulate
body processes
4. Vitamins
Many of the foods we eat are affected
by the community we are raised in
Some foods contained substances that
either prevent or cause diseases
Vitamins are compounds found in living
things and are needed in small amounts
for life, growth, and to prevent diseases
Vitamin Deficiency
Vitamins help build bones and tissues, and
change carbohydrates and fats into energy
Diseases can develop because of a lack
of particular vitamins
Having too little of a necessary vitamin is
called a deficiency (vitamin chart)
Having too much of a specific vitamin over
a long period of time can be toxic (poison)
2 Types of Vitamins
Vitamins are classified into two groups:
Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble (chart)
Fat-Soluble Vitamins dissolve in fat and
can be stored in the body (example:
green vegetables, whole milk, eggs)
Water-Soluble Vitamins dissolve in water
(example: fruits and vegetables)
5. Minerals
Minerals are simple substances found in
the environment that are essential to the
body’s function (example: table salt)
Minerals are used to regulate a wide
range of body processes like bone
formation and blood clotting
Most minerals are quickly used or lost in
waste products, therefore you need to
eat minerals everyday to replenish
Major Minerals
You body requires larger amounts of
some minerals
Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Potassium
Sulfur
Sodium
Chlorine
Diseases from Major Minerals
Osteoporosis – bone disease from a lack
of calcium during teenage years
Hypertension – high blood pressure
from too much sodium increasing the
risk of heart attack, stroke, or kidney
disease
Trace Minerals
The majority of the minerals needed for
the body to function are only required
in small amounts (trace amounts)
Trace Minerals include…
Iron
Iodine
Manganese
Zinc
Copper
Fluorine
Diseases from Trace Minerals
Hemoglobin – a substance in red blood
cells that carries oxygen to all parts of
your body
Anemia – disease where your body has
too little red blood cells or hemoglobin
(comes from too little iron in your diet)
People with anemia are pale, feel weak,
and may have shortness of breath
6. Water
Water is your most abundant nutrient
It carries dissolved nutrients throughout
your body and assists in digesting food
removing waste, regulating your
temperature, and cushioning parts of
your body like your brain
Hydration
Each day you loose 2 – 3 quarts of
water when you urinate, perspire, and
breathe
If this water is not replaced, you risk
dehydration (loss of water from body
tissues)
Dehydration weakens the body and may
cause muscle cramps, or even death
Electrolytes
When minerals are dissolved in your
body, they break apart into charged
particles called ions (electrolytes)
The ions formed in body fluids are
called electrolytes
Electrolytes play a central role in water
balance in your body
Electrolytes
Your body’s electrolytes help control the
flow of water into and out of cells
Your kidneys keep the body’s total
electrolytes in balance
For example, someone who eats more
salt than their body needs will get rid of
the excess in their urine
Fluid Intake
Thirst usually determines your fluid intake
Under normal conditions, you should
drink at least 6 – 8 glasses of water daily
Beverages, soups, and water in foods
help you meet this requirement
During hot weather or while exercising,
you will need to increase your fluid intake
In Conclusion…
Vitamins, minerals, and water are
nutrients that work with carbohydrates,
fat, and protein to be sure that the body
functions properly
Water is the most vital nutrient because it
provides the means for all other nutrients
to be carried throughout your body
Eating a variety of foods in the right
amounts is usually all that is needed to get
your daily supply of vitamins and minerals