Transcript Unit 3 Non-Caloric Nutrients Powerpoint

Unit 3 Non-Caloric
Nutrients
Vitamins
Chapter 8
Vitamins
 A vitamin is an essential nutrient needed in tiny amounts to
regulate body processes
 No Calories= No Energy
 The amount of vitamins of all types needed each day in
order to be healthy is equal to 1/8 teaspoon
 There are 13 known vitamins
Fat Soluble vs. Water Soluble
Fat Soluble
Water Soluble
 Vitamins A, D, E, and K
 Body does not store
 Stored in fat
 Excesses are excreted in
urine
 Advantage: Don’t have to
be consumed everyday
 Disadvantage: Toxicity can
result if amounts of these
vitamins that are stored
become too large
 Toxicity can ONLY occur
from supplement use, not
from consuming vitamin rich
foods
 Advantage: It is rare to
have a toxic level of these
vitamins
 Disadvantage: Deficiencies
are more common
 Must be consumed
everyday
Nonvitamins & Nonnutrients
 Have vitamin-like qualities but are not vital to human life
 Phytochemicals: Health enhancing compounds in plants foods
that are active in the body’s cells
 Examples: Flavonoids, Carotenoids, Lycopene
 May help prevent heart disease and some forms of cancer
 Probiotics: “good” microorganisms that help counterbalance the
“bad” microorganisms in the intestinal tract
 Examples: found in yogurt
 May help boost immune system and bowel regularity
 Prebiotics: Non-digestible food ingredients that stimulate growth
of good microorganisms in the colon
 Examples: whole grains, onions, bananas, garlic, honey
Vitamin Supplements
 In the US people spend billions of dollars on vitamin supplements
each year, but is it necessary?
 Supplements are not a cure-all and especially do not make-up for
a poor diet
 The only symptoms a vitamin supplement relieves are those
caused by a lack of that vitamin
 Example: a thiamin supplement will relieve symptoms of beriberi
 Some groups of people may need supplements to augment their
diets:
 Pregnant and breast-feeding women
 Infants, older adults, or people who are ill or recovering from surgery
 Few people outside of these groups need vitamin supplements
Vitamin Supplements
 If you decide to take a vitamin supplement, it is
good to be knowledgeable on what your options
are and how it will affect you:
Pill, liquid, or powder forms
Natural vs. Synthetic forms
Be understanding of dosage
Preserving Vitamins in Foods
 Many vitamins are unstable
 Careless food storage practices and certain
cooking techniques can destroy some vitamins
 Refer to hand-out
Unit 3 Non-Caloric
Nutrients
Minerals
Chapter 9
Minerals
 Nutrients needed in small amounts to perform various functions in
the body
 No calories=No Energy
 Minerals in nutrition are the same as those listed on the periodic
table of elements
 Minerals serve a variety of complex functions such as:
 Helping enzymes complete chemical reactions
 Becoming part of body components such as teeth and bones
 Aiding normal nerve functioning and muscle contraction
 Promoting growth
 Regulating acid-base balance
 Maintain body fluid balance
Macrominerals vs. Microminerals
Macrominerals
Microminerals
 Also called major minerals
 Also called trace minerals
 Required in the diet in
amounts of 100 or more
milligrams per day
 Required in amounts of less
than 100 milligrams per day
Mineral Values of Foods
 The most concentrated food sources of
minerals are meat, fish, and poultry
 Plant foods are rich in minerals, yet they
provide a less concentrated form
 Processing decreases mineral values of foods
so consuming fresh fruits and vegetables,
whole grains, meat, poultry, and dairy products
will provide the necessary minerals your body
needs
Mineral Absorption and Availability
 You absorb about half of the minerals you
consume, the rest is excreted in body waste
 Excess minerals in the body can be toxic, while
deficiencies can cause illness
 Absorption problems happen when people take
supplements so avoid them unless a doctor or
registered dietician has advised you to do so
 Example: excess zinc can hinder the absorption of
iron and copper
Conserving Minerals in Foods
 Minerals are not as fragile as vitamins
 Unaffected by heat or enzyme activity
 Minerals can be lost when foods are washed or cooked in
liquid
 Avoid soaking foods when cleaning them
 Cook foods using a small amount of water
 Retain minerals that have leached into cooking water by
using it to make sauces, soups, and gravies
Vitamins & Minerals Lab
 Goal of the Lab:
 Create a dish that supplies a variety of vitamins and
minerals (you will have to identify them and their source)
 Choose a way of preparing your recipe that preserves
the HIGHEST amount of vitamins and minerals (you will be
required to explain this process)
Use your notes and “Effects of Cooking on Vitamins”
hand-out to make sure you are following these
guidelines
Unit 3 Non-Caloric
Nutrients
Water
Chapter 10
Water: What is it good for?
 Answer: EVERYTHING!!!
 Humans can live without food for 8-10 weeks
 Humans can live without water for only a few
days
Why Drink Water?
Team Competition

Each team be given 2 lap tops and will have 25 minutes to complete the following tasks
 Research on WebMD EVERYTHING there is about the nutritional aspects of water. This may include but
is not limited to:
 Functions in the body
 How much do we need?
 Health benefits of consuming water
 What sources provide our bodies with water?
 Water loss in the body and dehydration
 Bottled water vs. Tap Water
 Ways to get more water in our diets

Go to www.WebMD.com and type “7 Healthy Wonders of Water” in the search box and
click on the link. It will take you to a screen that you can navigate around to find information

If the information has to do with your body you will write it next to the correct spot on your
“Water Body.” If it is a fact about water you can place it into the “Water Facts” droplet on
the back of that same sheet

Your Goal: Find the MOST nutritional information about water
Water Wise
Team Competition
 Each team will be given a set of notecards
 Using the information you learned about the nutritional aspects of
water, create questions to “quiz” the other teams
 Each notecard should have 1 question on one side and the answer on
the other
 Please place your team # on your cards
 You will have 25 minutes to come up with as many questions as you
can. Do not let the other teams over hear your questions or answers
 Once the 25 minutes is up, I will collect your cards
Water Wise
Team Competition
 Rules of the Game:
 I will ask one question at a time from the cards each team created. They
will be at random. The team that created the question will NOT be able to
answer
 The first group to Buzz in with the correct answer will receive 50 points. If you
provide an incorrect answer, the team that wrote the question will receive
10 points.
 If no teams provide a correct answer, the team that created the question
will receive 50 points.
 You may use your water information sheets to find answers to these
questions