Transcript asdfs - Home - South Johnston High School

Cell structure and
Function Review
Campbell and Reese
Chapters 6 & 7
Used and modified from Kreidell
http://local.brookings.k12.sd.us/krscience
/open/cells.htm
http://www.animationlibrary.com
http://python.rice.edu/~kolomeisky/transport.htm
http://www2.uic.edu/~myilma1/ionchannel.gif
NAME THE CELL PART
smooth ER
Makes steroids for membranes ______________
Burns glucose and
stores energy as ATP
Mitochondria
___________________
Transports proteins made
Rough ER
by its attached ribosomes ________________
Regulates calcium levels
Smooth ER
in muscle cells
________________
Outer layer that provides support
Cell wall
& protection for plant cells _______________
NAME THE KIND OF TRANSPORT
Movement of water molecules
across the membrane with the
help of aquaporins
OSMOSIS
NAME THE CELL PART
smooth ER
Breaks down toxins in liver cells _____________
Contains thylakoids
chloroplasts
___________________
ribosomes
Protein synthesis ________________
Contain cristae
mitochondria
________________
Organize spindle and guide
chromosomes during animal
cell division
centrioles
_________________
NAME THE CELL PART
Use energy from sunlight _____________
chloroplast
to make glucose
Sac of digestive enzymes
lysosomes
__________________
Golgi apparatus (body)
Modify, sort, and package ________________
proteins for export
Store water in plant cells
Central vacuole
________________
Region where microtubules for
centrosome
mitotic spindle are initiated ________________
A membrane that lets certain
molecules pass through and not
others is called
Semi permeable OR
____________________
selectively permeable
http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg
NAME THE CELL PART
GOLGI
Has a cis and trans surface _____________
Area in nucleus where
ribosomal RNA is produced
nucleolus
_________________
tonoplast
Membrane that encloses ________________
the central vacuole in a plant cell
plasmodesmata
Channels through cell walls _______________
that connect adjacent plant cells
NAME THE CELL PART
extracellular
Glycoprotein rich substance ______________
matrix (ECM)
in which animal tissue cells
are embedded
Intracellular connection between
animal cells that function like
rivets to fasten cells together
into strong sheets
desmosomes
(also called anchoring junctions) ___________________
Granum (pl. grana)
Stack of thylakoids ________________
NAME THE CELL PART
smooth ER
Called sarcoplasmic reticulum ______________
in muscle cells
Double membrane enclosing
the nucleus
Nuclear envelope
________________
(nuclear membrane)
Plasma membrane
Creates a boundary and ________________
(cell membrane)
controls what enters and leaves cell
Netlike array of protein
nuclear lamina
filaments that maintains ________________
nuclear shape
Name the transport proteins
that help move water
molecules across cell
membranes
Aquaporins
PASSIVE
This process is a kind of ___________
transport.
passive active
NAME THE KIND OF TRANSPORT
Molecules move across the
membrane from high
concentration to low
concentration without
help from transport
proteins or vesicles
diffusion
NAME THE CELL PART
nuclear pores
Openings in nuclear envelope ______________
that regulate entry & exit
Small membrane sacs used
for transport and storage
vesicles
________________
Smooth ER
ER without ribosomes ________________
Metabolic compartments
peroxisomes
that produce hydrogen
________________
peroxide
NAME THE CELL PART
basal body
Centriole-like structure ______________
that anchors cilia & flagella
Many, short structures with a
9 + 2 arrangement of
cilia
microtubules that help in movement ___________
Rough ER
ER with ribosomes ________________
Few, long hair-like structures
flagella
with a 9 + 2 microtubule
________________
arrangement that move cells (ie. Sperm tail)
Name this organelle
http://www.peer.tamu.edu/.../module_3/whatweknow2.htm
mitochondrion
NAME THE CELL PART
anchoring
Another name for desmosomes _______________
junctions
Intracellular connection between animal cells
(most like plasmodesmata) through which ions,
sugars, amino acids, and other
Gap junctions
small molecules can pass ___________________
nucleoid
Region in a prokaryote where ________________
DNA is found
The yellow heads of these phospholipid
molecules stay on the outside of the
bilayer next to the water
environment because they are
______________.
polar
polar
nonpolar
NAME THE CELL PART
Intracellular connection between animal cells
forming a continuous seal to prevent leaking
of extracellular fluid across epithelial cells
tight junctions
___________________
Network of fibers extending through the
cytoplasm that play a role in support and
cytoskeleton
movement________________
NAME THE CELL PART
Fluid surrounding the
grana that contains the
stroma
chloroplast DNA, ribosomes, _______________
and enzymes for photosynthesis
Fluid filled compartment
enclosed by the inner
mitochondrial membrane
matrix
that contains mitochondrial DNA, _____________
ribosomes, and enzymes for
cellular respiration
Molecule with a glycerol
phosophate head and two fatty
acid tails which is a major
component in cell membranes
phospholipid
Energy storage molecule produced in
mitochondria when glucose is
metabolized
ATP
Vacuoles in freshwater protists
that maintain water balance by
pumping out excess water
CONTRACTILE VACUOLES
These structures are
necessary for survival
because a pond or lake is
hypotonic
___________
compared to
the organisms that live there.
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgjun99/vidjun1.gif
hypotonic
hypertonic
Name this group of molecules
They are
phospholipids
These molecules are the main
component in which cell part?
Cell membranes
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=cooper&part=A258&rendertype=figure&id=A258
eukaryote
An animal cell is a ___________.
prokaryote
eukaryote
This organelle is
Rough ER
the ____________
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mboc4.figgrp.2205
Name this kind of transport
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html
Substance is transported
INTO cell inside a vesicle
ENDOCYTOSIS
If the green square above represents
a large molecule or a whole cell
this would be called __________________
PHAGOCYTOSIS
The type of transport
that uses vesicles to
move substances OUT
of cells is called
exocytosis
______________
Which energy transport and storage
molecule provides the energy
needed for active transport?
ATP
eukaryote
An plant cell is a ___________.
prokaryote
eukaryote
This organelle is
Smooth ER
the ____________
http://www.uni-mainz.de/FB/Medizin/Anatomie/workshop/EM/EMSERE.html
The Biology Coloring Book, Robert D. Griffin,
Barnes and Noble Books, 1986
The blue tails of these phospholipid
molecules stay inside the bilayer
away from water because they are
______________.
Non polar
polar
nonpolar
This organelle is
the ____________
nucleus
The dark spots
inside are
Nucleoli
________________
(sing. nucleolus)
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html
http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/IDS_101_histo_resource/cell_structure.htm
Name the type of transport
Substance attaches to
specific membrane proteins
and is transported INTO
cell inside a vesicle
Receptor mediated
ENDOCYTOSIS
The molecules that bind to the receptors
ligands
are called ______________
The many short hairlike
structures that help
move this eukaryotic
cell are __________
cilia
What pattern of microtubules
would be found inside?
9+ 2
The one long hair-like structure
that helps this sperm move is
flagella
called a _______________
What pattern of microtubules
would be found inside? 9 + 2
Name the kind of transport
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html
Substance in put in a
vesicle and transported
up to the cell membrane
and released OUTSIDE
INSIDE
CELL
OUTSIDE
CELL
EXOCYTOSIS
ACTIVE
This kind of transport is ____________
active
passive
Name the kind of transport
ENDOCYTOSIS
Substance is transported
INTO cell inside a vesicle
If these dots represent fluids or dissolved
solutes this would be called
PINOCYTOSIS
___________________
prokaryotes
Bacteria are ____________
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
This storage space
Central vacuole
is a ___________.
Tell the parts of the cell theory.
*All living things are made of cells.
*Cells are the basic units of structure &
function in an organism
* Cells are produced from existing cells.
A small structure in a cell that
performs a specific function =
organelle
______________
COMPARE AND CONTRAST
PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
ALIKE
BOTH EUKARYOTIC
Contain DNA in chromosomes, ribosomes,
Have membrane bound organelles (ie. ER, Golgi,)
Use mitochondria for cellular respiration
DIFFERENT
Plants- cell wall containing cellulose; animals-no cell wall
Plants-a large central vacuole; animals- many, smaller vacuoles
Plants- chloroplasts (autotrophs) and animal-don’t (heterotrophs)
Animals-centrioles and plants- don’t
Animals-cholesterol in their cell membranes
Plants store starch; animals store glycogen
Plants have plasmodesmata; animals have gap junctions
When you sit in the
bathtub, your fingers get
wrinkly because the
bath water enters your
skin cells. This is because
bath water is
____________
hypotonic compared to your skin cells
Hypotonic
isotonic
hypertonic
In the diagrams below the circle represents a cell in
a liquid environment and the black dots represent solute
molecules…
Use –TONIC words to label the solutions compared to
the cells
HYPERTONIC
ISOTONIC
HYPOTONIC
Tell if the transport is ACTIVE or PASSIVE
PASSIVE
Facilitated diffusion ___________________
Osmosis
Na
+
PASSIVE
____________________
ACTIVE
- K+ pump ____________________
Diffusion
PASSIVE
____________________
ACTIVE
Endocytosis _______________________
ACTIVE
Exocytosis ________________________
Name cell part that is made of
microtubules
Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella,
centrioles, basal body,
mitotic spindle
Name the most abundant glycoprotein
in the extracellular matrix made of
strong fibers embedded in a network of
woven from proteoglycan
collagen
Freshwater fish
HYPO
live in a _____tonic
environment.
To maintain its water/ion balance (osmoregulation)
a freshwater fish must urinate frequently and actively
pump ions in through its gills
Tell if the transport is ACTIVE or PASSIVE
PASSIVE
Gated channels ___________________
ACTIVE
Receptor mediated endocytosis_______________
PASSIVE
Ion channels ____________________
ACTIVE
Proton pump ____________________
ACTIVE
Pinocytosis _______________________
ACTIVE
Phagocytosis ________________________
Which method of Vesicular Transport is
occurring?
1. Pinches off from organelles, travel to
other organelles to deliver contents.
Coatomer Coated Vescicles
1.
Very selective plasma membrane proteins
(receptors) bind to external substances
(like insulin, enzymes, flu virus) and form
clarithin-coated pits.
Receptor-Mediated Vesicles
Which method of Vesicular Transport is
occurring?
1. Small vesicles form to capture specific
molecules (tetanus, folates) from
extracellular fluid and then bring into
cell, release the contents, and vesicle
exits cell by trancytosis.
Caveolin Coated Vescicles
This diagram represents an animal cell in a liquid
environment. The black dots represent solute molecules.
This cell is in a
iso
_____tonic
solution.
It will probably stay
________________
the same size
shrink
swell & burst
stay the same size
This diagram represents an animal cell in a liquid
environment. The black dots represent solute molecules.
This cell is in a
______tonic
solution.
hyper
shrink
It will probably ________________
shrink
swell & burst
stay the same size
The coupling of the “downhill” diffusion of
one substance with the “uphill” transport
of another substance against its gradient
is called _____________
cotransport
http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/genomics/2003/talbert/YFYG.html
Name the kind of transport
http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/voltgate.htm
Gated ion
channel
Membrane proteins make a passageway through the
membrane for ions that opens or closes due to a
chemical or electrical stimulus
Name an organelle besides the
cell nucleus that has its OWN
DNA
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts
A group of cells that work
together to carry out a specific
function are called
tissue
a _______________
This diagram represents an animal cell in a liquid
environment. The black dots represent solute molecules.
This cell is in a
_____tonic
solution.
hypo
It will probably swell
________________
and burst
shrink
swell & burst
stay the same size
Marine (salt water) fish live in a
HYPER
_____tonic
environment.
To maintain its water/ion balance (osmoregulation)
a marine fish drinks sea water, rarely urinates, and
actively pump ions out through its gills
http://www.floridafishinginfo.net/Blackfin%20Tuna.jpg
Put in order of increasing size:
Organ
cell
organ system
organism
tissue
organ
tissue
cell
_______
_________
 _________
Organ system  ______________
organism
_____________
ACTIVE transport can move
____________
molecules AGAINST the
concentration gradient.
Active
Passive
When you mix iodine
starch
with ____________
you will see a
black/purple
color change.
Which type of transport creates the
acidic environment found inside
lysosomes?
Proton pumps in lysosomal membranes
move (H+ ions) into the lysosome
making it more acidic inside
A group of organs that work together
to carry out a specific function are
called a(n) _______________
Organ system
Putting plant cells into a
HYPERTONIC solution will cause
water to _______
the cell
leave
enter
leave
decrease
This will cause a(n) ___________
in
osmotic pressure.
COMPARE AND CONTRAST
PLANT and BACTERIAL Cells
ALIKE
Have cell walls, plasma membranes; ribosomes; DNA;
DIFFERENT
Plants
Bacteria
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
cellulose in cell wall
peptidoglycan in cell wall
Nucleus
no nucleus
Chloroplasts
no chloroplasts
mitosis
binary fission
flagella have 9+2
flagella-single filament
Bigger ribosomes
smaller ribosomes
central vacuole
none
There are more……
chloroplast
http://wpcontent.answers.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Human_leukocyte,_showing_golgi_-_TEM.jpg/315px-Human_leukocyte,_showing_golgi_-_TEM.jpg
http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.htm
Name this organelle
Golgi Body
cis face is the “receiving” side and is
The ____
closest to the ER.
The ______
trans face is the “shipping” side and
releases vesicles that move to the cell
membrane for export.
Putting plant cells into a
HYPOTONIC solution will cause water
to _______
the cell
enter
enter
leave
increase
This will cause a(n) ___________
in
osmotic pressure.
Transport proteins that generate
voltage across a membrane like
the Na+-K+ pump and proton pump
electrogenic pumps.
are called ____________
What keeps plant cells from
undergoing bursting in hypotonic
environments?
Cell wall is sturdy & holds shape
Which organelle
makes the ATP
used to run the
Na + -K+ pump?
http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm
mitochondria
higher concentrations
Membranes with _______
of UNSATURATED phospholipid tails
remain fluid to a lower temperature.
lower
higer
Explain why the dialysis tube in lab turned
black but the water in the cup did not.
Iodine from the cup was able
to pass through the membrane
tube and touch the starch
inside the dialysis tube
(starch + iodine = black)
Starch in the tube was too
large to pass through the
membrane and move into the
cup water so cup did not turn
black
Diffusion continues
until the concentration of
molecules is equal throughout
the space. This is called
___________________
equilibrium
Name a kind of transport that uses
vesicles to move substances across
a membrane
Pinocytosis, phagocytosis,
Exocytosis, endocytosis,
Receptor mediated endocytosis
Name the kind of transport that
moves WATER across cell membranes
Osmosis; aquaporin channels
Name a kind of transport that uses
membrane proteins to help move
substances across cell membranes
Facilitated diffusion, ion channels,
gated channels, proton pumps,
Na+-K+ pump, aquaporins,
carrier proteins
Name an organelle besides
the nucleus that has DNA
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts
Tell one difference between
cilia and flagella.
Cilia- several, shorter
Flagella-one or two, longer
A
B
C
D
E
A = Cell
________________
membrane
Rough ER
B = ________________
nucleus
C = ________________
Golgi Body
D= _________________
Mitochondrion
E= __________________
True or False
Bacteria don’t have ribosomes.
False; Yes, they do
Ribosomes aren’t made of membranes
True or False
Plant cells don’t have centrioles
True; at least we can’t see them
COMPARE AND CONTRAST
ANIMAL and BACTERIAL Cells
ALIKE
Have plasma membranes; ribosomes; DNA;
DIFFERENT
Animal
Bacteria
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
no cel wall
peptidoglycan in cell wall
Nucleus
no nucleus
mitosis
binary fission
flagella have 9+2
flagella-single filament
Bigger ribosomes
smaller ribosomes
Centrioles
no centrioles
Steroids in cell membrane
no steroids
There are more……
chloroplast
Region between the nucleus and
plasma membrane that includes the
organelles and the gel-like fluid is
cytoplasm
called the ____________
As a cell increases in size, its surface
decreases
area to volume ratio ____________
increases
decreases
True or False
Bacteria don’t have a plasma membrane.
FALSE; All cells have a plasma (cell)
membrane on the outside
Name the two main components
of cell membranes
Phospholipids and proteins
The difference in the
concentration of molecules across
a space is called a
Concentration gradient
______________________
PASSIVE
___________ transport does NOT require
energy to move molecules
How is cytosol different from
cytoplasm?
Cytosol is the gel-like fluid in which the
organelles are suspended;
Cytoplasm is the region between
nucleus and plasma membrane; it includes
the organelles AND cytosol
Cells that need a lot of energy
probably have a lot of
______________
mitochondria
Golgi bodies
Smooth ER
mitochondria
centrioles
Ribosomes are made out of which
two molecules?
Proteins and RNA
Type of plastid in plant cells that stores
pigments which give fruits and flowers
their colors
chromoplast
This circular flow of
cytoplasm around
inside plant cells is called
cytoplasmic
streaming
____________________.
http://www.daviddarling.info/images/cytoplasmic_streaming.gif
It is helped by which component of the
cytoskeletal system? Microfilaments (actin)
H+ ions
PROTON PUMP moves ____
across cell membranes
Cells that have a nuclear membrane
and membrane bound organelles
eukaryotes
are called ________________
Type of plastid in plant cells that stores
starch in roots and tubers
amyloplast
Name the most permanent component of
the cytoskeletal system built from
keratin proteins
Intermediate filaments
Name the three types of junctions in
animal cells
Tight junctions, desmosomes,
gap junctions
Programmed cell death or “cell suicide” for the
good of the organism is called __________
apoptosis
Name the cell organelle involved in this process.
lysosomes
Which type of specialized junction allows plant
cells to coordinate metabolic activity by
providing channels for the passage of small
molecules?
plasmodesmata
Name a cell part that
would use this
building block
molecule It is an amino acid;
ribosomes use it to make proteins
Name the cell part
that makes this
molecule
Mitochondria store
energy as ATP
The symptoms of a certain inherited disorder in humans
include breathing problems and sterility in males. Which
of the following is a reasonable hypothesis for the
molecular basis of this disorder?
(Explain your answer)
A. a defective enzyme in the mitochondria
B.
C.
D.
E.
defective actin molecules in cellular microfilaments
defective dynein molecules in cilia and flagella
abnormal hydrolytic enzymes in the lysosomes
defective ribosome assembly in the nucleolus
C. Cilia are found in the respiratory system
and flagella move sperm; if dynein doesn’t
function, these can’t move and do their job
Campbell Self quiz
Name the oxidative organelle that is
not part of the endomembrane
system, which produces hydrogen
peroxide as it breaks down various
substances.
peroxisomes
http://python.rice.edu/~kolomeisky/transport.htm
Motor proteins are responsible for
intracellular movement by interacting with
which cellular structures?
Microtubules (cytoskeleton)
Lysosomal enzymes require
acidic
_____________
conditions in order to function.
acidic
basic
Explain why this is a good idea to protect the
cell from accidental destruction.
If a lysosome breaks or leaks its content, the
neutral pH of the cytoplasm keeps the released
enzymes from being active.
However, excessive leakage from large numbers
of lysosomes can destroy a cell by autodigestion
Name the globular protein
that is used to build
microtubules
tubulin
____________
MOTOR
proteins “walk” along
microtubules and pull structures in cells
Name the globular protein
that is used to build
microfilaments
ACTIN
Tell one difference between
cilia and flagella.
Cilia- many, shorter
Flagella-one or two, longer
Describe at least two common
characteristics of chloroplasts and
mitochondria
Both involved in energy transformation
Have double membranes
Campbell Concept check 6.5
Have own DNA
Name the genetic lysosomal storage you
learned about in which lipids build up in
the brain causing retardation and early
death
Tay Sachs
Cyanide binds with at least one of the
molecules involved in the production of
ATP. Following exposure of a cell to
cyanide, most of the cyanide could be
expected to be found within the
A A. mitochondria
B. ribsomes
C. peroxisomes
D. lysosomes
E. endoplasmic reticulum
Campbell Self-Quiz
Name the layers
shown in the
diagram at the right
that surround
Primary
plant cells
cell wall
Secondary
cell wall
Middle
lamella
Name this
layer found
on the outside
of animal cells
Extracellular
Matrix (ECM)
Animal cell junctions that function like
rivets to fasten adjacent cells together
into strong sheets are called
_______________
desmosomes or anchoring
junctions
Animal cell junctions that form when
neighboring cells are tightly pressed
together and bound by specific proteins
to prevent leakage between cells are
Tight junctions
called ________________
Intercellular junctions which provide cytoplasmic
channels between adjacent animal cells are
Gap junctions or communicating
called ________________
junctions.
Which of the following is not considered part of
the endomembrane system?
A. nuclear envelope
B B. chloroplast
Campbell Self quiz
C. Golgi apparatus
D. plasma membrane
E. ER
Choose the statement that correctly
characterizes bound ribosomes
A. Bound ribosomes are enclosed in their own membrane.
B. Bound and free ribosomes are structurally different
C. Bound ribosomes generally synthesize membrane
proteins and secretory proteins
D. The most common location for bound ribosmes is the
cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.
E. All of the above
C. is correct
Campbell Self-Quiz
Which of the following structures is
common to plant and animal cells?
A. chloroplast
B. wall made of cellulose
C. tonoplast
D D. mitochondrion
E. centriole
Campbell Self-Quiz
Which of the following is present in
prokaryotic cells?
A. mitochondrion
B B. ribosome
C. nuclear envelope
D. chloroplast
E. ER
Campbell Self-Quiz
Which type of cell would probably provide the
best opportunity to study lysosomes?
A. muscle cell
B. nerve cell
C. phagocytic white blood cell
D. leaf cell of a plant
E. bacterial cell
C. Phagocytic white blood cells digest
the bacteria they “eat” using lysosomes
Campbell Self-Quiz
Which of the following structure-function
pairs is mismatched?
A. nucleolus; ribosome production
B. lysosome; intracellular digestion
C. ribosome; protein synthesis
D. Golgi; protein trafficking
E E. microtubule; muscle contraction
Campbell Self-Quiz
Explain the relationship between
chromatin and chromosomes.
Chromatin is DNA and proteins that coils
up into chromosomes; chromosomes are
condensed in dividing cells
for easy transport; Unwinding the chromosomes
allows the DNA code in the chromatin to be
read;
GAP
__________
junctions in animal tissue
are similar to plasmodesmata in plants.
Both allow communication between adjacent cells
Which of the following statements is a
correct distinction between prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells attributable to the
absense of a prokaryotic cytoskeleton?
A. Organelles are found only in eukaryotic cells
B
B. Cytoplasmic streaming is not observed in
prokaryotes
C. Only eukaryotic cells are capable of movement
D. Prokaryotic cells have cell walls
E. Only the eukaryotic cell concentrates its genetic
material in a region separate from the rest of
the cell
Campbell Self-Quiz
Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled
amino acids into proteins. This “tagging” of newly
synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track the
location of these proteins in a cell. In this case, we are
tracking insulin, which is eventually secreted by pancreatic
cells. Which of the following is the most likely pathway
for movement of this protein in the cell?
D
A.
B.
C.
D.
ER→Golgi→nucleus
Golgi →ER →lysosome
nucleus → ER→ Golgi
ER→Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
E. ER → lysosomes→ vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
Campbell Self-Quiz
According to the Endosymbiotic theory,
which organelle probably evolved from
photosynthesizing bacteria that were
incorporated into early prokaryotic cells?
chloroplasts
What evidence supports the Endosymbiotic
theory?
Inner membranes of mitochondria/chloroplasts have
enzymes and transport systems homologous to plasma
membranes of prokaryotes
Mitochondria and plastids replicate with binary fission
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain a single circular
DNA without histones like bacteria
Ribosomes are similar smaller size and show similar
antibiotic sensitivity
Amoeba crawl by extending and
flowing into extensions from its
cell membrane called
pseudopodia
________________
Give 2 kinds of evidence that support the
Endosymbiotic theory.
Mitochondria/chloroplasts and bacteria have similar:
circular DNA
division using binary fission
molecules in their inner membranes
smaller ribosomes
Woman scientist and proponent of
the Endosymbiotic theory
Lynn Margulis
According to the Endosymbiotic theory,
which organelle probably evolved from
aerobic bacteria that were incorporated
into early prokaryotic cells?
mitochondria
Name a cell part that
has this 9 + 2
arrangement of
microtubules
Cilia OR flagella
motor
The dynein arms seen above are ____________
proteins that “walk” along adjoining microtubule
doublets to cause bending.
http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC040844/animalcells.htm
Which of these proteins is a peripheral protein?
B; sticks on the surface of the membrane
Name the process seen during embryonic
development involving programmed cell death
using lysosomes via which your fingers and toes
formed from paddle-like structures and your tail
disappeared.
Apoptosis “cell suicide” OR
autophagy “self digestion”
http://www.nurseminerva.co.uk/tail_bud.htm
http://www.mgm.ufl.edu/images/bharfe/image3.jpg
The pumping of this ion out of nerve
cells sets up the membrane potential
and its rapid return through ion
channels into nerve cells when they
are stimulated sends the signal along
the nerve cell
+
Na
http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC040844/animalcells.htm
Which of these proteins is an integral protein?
A; embedded in the membrane
Name a cell part
that has this 9 + 2
arrangement of
microtubules
Eukaryotic
cilia OR flagella
How is a bacterial flagella different from
a eukaryotic flagella?
Doesn’t have the 9 + 2 pattern; does not
contain microtubules; single protein filament;
Not covered by plasma membrane
Name the most abundant
glycoprotein in the ECM of animal
cells
collagen
Name the netlike array of protein
filaments that line the nuclear side
of the nuclear envelope that helps
nucleus maintain its shape and
reform after cell division
Nuclear lamina
Light
Transmission
electron microscope
Scanning
electron microscope
Which type of microscope could you use to study:
The changes in a shape of a living white blood
cell?
Light microscope
The details of surface texture of a hair?
Scanning electron microscope-good for 3D/ surfaces
The detailed structure of an organelle?
Transmission electron microscope- can see organelles
Campbell concept check 6.1
The substance that is dissolved =
solute
________________
(like the Koolaid powder or sugar)
The substance the solute is dissovled in =
____________
solvent
(like the water in Koolaid)
solution
Solute + solvent = __________
(Koolaid)
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_rFrI2UmxtBM/R88VZUcaZ1I/AAAAAAAAAVw/XDfMn__u8xw/s400/koolaid.jpg
Name the type of transport
responsible for setting up the
membrane potential in a nerve
cell
Na+ - K+ pump
Name the motor proteins that
interact with actin during
muscle contraction myosin
Which GENETIC DISORDER (due to defective or
absent chloride ion channels) results in an
abnormally high concentration of extracellular Clions.
This causes the mucous that coats certain cells
to become thicker and stickier. Mucous builds up
in their lungs, digestive tract, and other organs
leading to poor absorption of nutrients, chronic
bronchitis, and recurrent bacterial infections.
Cystic fibrosis
Amylose (starch)
Amyloplasts store ______________
Name the enzyme that breaks down
hydrogen peroxide produced in
peroxisomes
H2O2 → H2O + O2
catalase
Main the main electrogenic pump
in plant
Proton pump
Name the main electrogenic
pump in animal cells
Na+ - K+ pump
Technique used to separate cell
components based on size and
density
Cell fractionation
You would expect secretory cells
(ex: pancreas cells secrete insulin) to
have large numbers of these organelles.
Golgi bodies
Integral
____________
proteins penetrate into
the lipid bilayer either part way or all
the way through
Transmembrane proteins span the
________________
membrane and touch both sides
Peripheral
___________ proteins are loosely bound
to the surface of membrane
Chromatin is made of
__________
& __________
Protein
DNA
Tell how eukaryotic & prokaryotic
ribosomes are different
Prokaryotic ribosomes
are smaller
(prokaryotic 70S;
eukaryotic 80S)
and made of different
proteins
The release of this ion from the
sarcoplasmic reticulum of a muscle
cell causes muscle contraction
Ca++
Name the motor proteins that
interact with actin during
muscle contraction myosin
Pure water has a water
0 zero
potential (ψ) = ____
Adding solute to water makes the
negative
water potential (ψ) Lower/more
______
lower/more negative
higher/more positive
Adding water to solute makes the
Higher/more positive
water potential (ψ) ______
lower/more negative
higher/more positive
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab1/quiz.html
What is the water potential of the distilled water?
Ψ = pressure potential (Ψp) + solute potential (Ψs)
Ψ = 0 + 0 = 0 bars
What is the water potential of the beet core?
Ψ = 0.2 + -0.4 = -0.2 bar
Which way will water move?
From higher Ψ to lower Ψ
moves to the more move from distilled (0) in beaker into beet core (-0.2)
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab1/quiz.html


TOWARD
Water is more likely to flow __________
areas with low water potential
toward/ away
A hypertonic solution has a (HIGH / LOW)
water potential compared to the cell. Why?
Low – more solute present, less water
available to do work

According to water potential rules, which way
will water move in this system?
Water moves out of the cell