Transcript ATOMS - Duluth High School

Levels of Organization
Introduction to Biochemistry
Levels of Organization
Most Specific to Most General
 Least Inclusive to Most Inclusive

Organism
 Species
 Population
 Community
 Ecosystem
 Biosphere

Levels of Organization of the
ORGANISM

Most General to Most Specific
Organism
 Organ system
 Organ
 Tissue
 Cell
 Molecule
 Atom

ATOM

Smallest unit of matter, that is
made up of subatomic particles.

Atoms are the chemical building
blocks from which EVERY part of
the organism is made.

Examples: C H N O P S
Molecule

Formed as different atoms form
chemical bonds with each other.

Example: glucose
 molecular formula
C6H12O6
Cell

Basic unit of life. First level of the
organism that is considered alive.

Made up of organelles like the
nucleus that are made up of
macromolecules like protein,
carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic
acids.
Tissue

Collection of similar cells that
work together to form a certain
function.
Example:
 muscular tissue, movement
 nervous tissue, communication

Organ

Collection of different tissues
that work together to perform
highly specialized functions.

Example: The heart
Organ System

Collection of different organs that
work together to perform a major
function for the entire organism.

Example: The digestive system,
which is made up of organs like
the stomach, esophagus, teeth,
and intestines.
Organism

All the organ systems work
together to create a whole
organism that can survive and
flourish.
Atomic Structure
1.
Particle
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Charge
Location
Atomic Structure
1.
Particle
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Charge
(+)ve
0
( - )ve
Location
Atomic Structure
1.
Particle
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Charge
(+)ve
0
( - )ve
Location
- nucleus
- nucleus
- around
the nucleus
2. The number of protons in one atom of an
element determines the atom’s identity,
and the number of electrons determines
behavior of an element.
3. The atomic number tells you the number
of protons in one atom of an elements. It
also tells you the number of electrons in a
neutral atom of that element. The atomic
number gives the “identity” of an element
as well as its location on the periodic
Table. No two different elements will have
the same atomic number.
4. The atomic mass of an element is the
average mass of an element’s naturally
occurring atom, or isotopes, taking into
account the number of neutrons of each
isotope.
ISOTOPES
A single atom that has the SAME # of
protons, but can have a DIFFERENT
number of neutrons.
Example: Carbon-12
Carbon-13
Carbon-14
5. The mass number of an element is the total
number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
of the atom.
6. The mass number is used to calculate the
number of protons and neutrons in one atom of
an element. In order to calculate the number of
neutrons you must subtract the number of
protons from the mass number.
Element
Symbol
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Hydrogen
H
1
0
1
Carbon
C
6
6
6
Nitrogen
N
7
7
7
Oxygen
O
8
8
8
Phosphorus
P
15
16
15
Sulfur
S
16
16
16
Summary
1.
Atomic # = # of protons
2.
# of protons = # of electrons
3.
Mass number = # of protons + # of neutrons
4.
Atomic Mass = average mass of all of an
atoms isotopes (units amu)