Transcript Physical Science Week 1

Physical Science Week 1
Atoms
Monday Warm Up (IAN #6)
• Describe the size of your foot without
using any standard measurement units
such inches, centimeters, feet, meters,
etc.
• Instead, use pencil lengths, paper clip
lengths, etc.
Measurement Review
(IAN #7)
• Mass is measured in grams with
triple beam balance
–1000 grams is one kilogram
–1000 milligrams is one gram
Volume
• Liquid volume is measured in liters
with graduated cylinder
– 1000 milliliters is one liters
• Solid volume is measured with
ruler = length x width x height in
cubic centimeters (cm3)
• 1 cubic centimeter = 1 milliliter
• Distance is measured in meters with ruler.
– 10 millimeters is one centimeter
– 100 centimeters is one meter
– 1000 meters is one kilometer
Measurement Activities (IAN #8)
Tuesday Warm Up (IAN 6)
• Estimate the approximate values of the
following:
– Length of a pencil
– mass of a stapler
– volume of a shoe box.
• Use appropriate SI (metric) units
Pre-test
1.Which of the following is a characteristic
property of matter
A.Shape
B.Mass
C.Volume
D.Reactivity
2.
A particle that has a negative charge
and is found outside the nucleus of an
atom is…
A. An angstrom
B. A neutron
C. A proton
D. An electron
3. Where
is MOST of the mass of an
atom found?
A.In matter
B.In the nucleus
C. In the electron cloud
D. In the neutrons
4. If a carbon atom has 6 protons and
7 neutrons, how many electrons does
it have?
A.4
B.5
C.6
D.7
5. Which of the following
statements about molecules is true?
A. Steel is a compound
B. Water is a compound
C. Water is a mixture
D. Hydrogen is a mixture
6. Which of the following would
most likely help you determine a
chemical property of a substance?
A. Placing the substance in a flame to
see if it will burn
B. Measuring the volume of the
substance
C. Heating the substance until it melts
D. Calculating the density of the
substance
7. In the periodic table, elements
are arranged in columns by their
A. Atomic number
B. Valence electrons
C. Chemical names
D. Chemical symbols
• 8. What is the chemical symbol for an
element whose atoms have 24
electrons?
A. Mg
B. Cr
C. C
D. Ti
9. On the pH scale the number 7
indicates that a substance is most
likely
A. An acid
B. A base
C. Neutral
D. A metal only
• 10.
The motion of particles in a
liquid is
A. More than in a gas
B. The same as in a gas
C. More than in a solid
D. The same as in a solid
Cornell Notes: Atoms and
Molecules (IAN #9)
• Matter: Anything that takes up space
and has mass.
• Atom: The smallest unit of an element
that maintains the properties of that
element.
Electron
• A subatomic particle that has a
negative charge.
• Found outside nucleus of atom in
electron cloud – orbiting around
nucleus in random pattern.
Nucleus
• An atom’s central region, which is
made up of protons and neutrons.
• Small, dense, positively charged
center of the atom.
• Contains most of atom’s mass.
Electron cloud
• A region around the nucleus of an
atom where electrons are likely to
be found.
Energy Levels (shells)
Note check
• So far you should have:
–
–
–
–
Atom
Electron
Nucleus
Electron cloud
Size of an atom
• Average (Al) 0.00000003 cm
• Aluminum foil is 50,000 atoms thick
Parts of an atom
• Electrons: negatively charged
particles in electron clouds outside
the nucleus.
• Protons: Positively charged
particles in the nucleus of an atom.
• Neutrons : Particles in the nucleus
of an atom that have no charge
Atomic mass unit (amu)
• A unit of mass that describes that
mass of an atom or molecule.
• One proton has a mass of 1 amu
• One neutron has a mass of 1 amu
• One electron has a mass of 1/1800
amu
Element
• A substance that cannot be
separated or broken down into
simpler substances by chemical
means.
– 115 known elements
– 92 naturally occurring elements
Atomic number
• The number of protons in the
nucleus of an atom.
• The atomic number is the same for
all atoms of an element.
Mass Number
• The sum of the numbers of protons
and neutrons in the nucleus of an
atom
Atomic Mass
• The mass of an atom expressed in
atomic mass units.
Molecule
• Two or more atoms joined
together by chemical bonds.
Thought check…
• How are atoms and molecules
alike?
• How are atoms and molecules
different?
Wednesday Warm Up (IAN 6)
• Compare and contrast atoms and
molecules with a Venn Diagram.
Modeling Atoms of Elements
• Protons: +
• Neutrons: 0
• Electrons: -
Periodic table
Diagram of atom
• Choose an element with atomic number between
19 and 36.
• Create a diagram showing the correct number
and placement (relative) of neutrons, protons,
and electrons. Color and neatness count.
• Create a legend (key)
• Add the square from periodic table for your
element.
• Title your diagram.
Thursday Warm Up (IAN 6)
• Compare and contrast atoms and
molecules with a venn diagram.
AC classes
• www.explorelearning.com
• Element Builder gizmo
Read page 316 - 324
• Complete the directed reading as you read
• When you finish – do the section review
together with your table.
Friday Warm Up (IAN 100)
• How can you tell an atom of gold from
an atom of aluminum? Assume you
have an electron microscope.
The Atoms Family
• Review power point
Quiz - atoms