Transcript Chapter 4- Earth`s Chemistry

Chapter 4- Earth’s Chemistry
By Samantha Thibodeau
Matter
Volume and Mass
• Matter – anything that takes up space and has
mass
• Volume – Amount of space an object takes up
• Mass – amount of matter or molecules in an
object
Physical / Chemical Properties
▫ Physical properties
 Seen without changing composition of object
▫ Chemical Properties
 How one substance reacts with another to create a
new substance
 A+B= C
Physical/ Chemical changes
• Physical change
▫ Change in the way something looks but it can be
changed back
• Chemical Change
▫ Change in the way something looks and is altered
chemically forever
 Can never return to original appearance or state.
Atoms, Elements, Compounds, Molecules
Atoms
Elements
Compounds
Molecules
Definition
The smallest
unit of an
element that
has the
properties of
that elements
A substance
that can not be
broken down to
simpler form
than it is
already in
Two or more
elements that
are chemically
combined
The smallest
unit of matter
that can exist by
itself and retain
all a substance’s
chemical
properties.
Involving
The element it
was originated
from
The Earth and
the processes of
nature make
elements
Two or more
elements of the
periodic table
One elements
atom
Creation
Extreme energy
causes the
atoms to
separate from
their orbit
around the
nuclei
Formed by the
Earth
Atoms need to
have an
equilibrium
with other so
they share or
transfer
electrons and
create bonds.
When atoms
combined based
on sharing or
transferring
electrons
Proton/ Electron- Cloud
• Proton – has a positive charge
▫ Located: In the nucleus of an atom
• Neutron – no charge/ neutral
▫ Located in the nucleus of an atom
• Electron – Negative charge
▫ Located: orbiting the nucleus of an atom
Atomic Mass VS. Atomic Number
• Atomic Number
▫ Number of protons in the nucleus
• Atomic Mass
▫ Sum of protons and neutrons in nuclues
How the Periodic Table is Organized
1. Based on the number of protons in the
atoms(atomic Number)
2. Based on the atomic mass
3. The columns are organized by number of
valance electrons(outer electrons)
4. Rows organized by number of electron shells
5. Based on the classified state of the element
(metal, nonmetal, metalloid)