Transcript 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Sponge: Set up Cornell
Notes on pg. 5
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Define atom, and identify its main
parts and their features.
Topic: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and
Molecules
Essential Question:
Define atom, and identify
its main parts and their
features.
Key Concept: All living things
are based on atoms and their
interactions
Key Vocabulary:
Atom
Proton/Neuton/Electron
Element
GET OUT:
SYLLABUS
LAB SAFETY CONTRACT
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
P. 4
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Top of P.4
• How can this plant digest a frog?
– If plants can make their own food through
photosynthesis, hypothesize why would a plant species
evolve a mechanism to capture and eat animals?
Please open to Pg. 35 in the textbook and read the paragraph in
white font for your answer…
Not EVERYTHING a plant needs is
supplied by photosynthesis
• Most plants absorb additional
nutrients form the soil such as
nitrogen and phosphorus
• Venus fly traps live in swampy
areas that have nitrogen poor soil,
so they get this needed nitrogen
by digesting animals
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• Venus Fly Trap
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
KEY CONCEPT
All living things are based on atoms and their
interactions.
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter.
Please draw and label
an atom in the middle
section of pg. 4
energy
level
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Fun Fact
• It would take you over 1,000,000,000,000 (1 Trillion)
years to count the number of atoms in a single grain of
sand
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Although there is a huge variety of matter on Earth, all
atoms share the same basic structure…
• Protons- in the nucleus,
Positively charged (+)
• Neutrons-in the nucleus,
Neutrally charged (no
charge)
• Electrons-much smaller
particles on the outside of
the nucleus on the energy
level, Negatively charged (-)
Energy
Level
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Energy levels: Electrons are located here. The inner level holds
a maximum of 2 electrons.
Oxygen atom (O)
outermost energy level:
6 electrons (-)
Nucleus:
8 protons (+)
8 neutrons
Energy Levels
inner energy level:
2 electrons (-)
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Bill Nye Part I- Atoms
6m36s
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• An element is one or more atoms of the same type.
– cannot be broken down into simpler substances
– Can be put together to make compounds or molecules
– The atomic # (aka proton #) never varies!
- Ex: Only Gold has 79 protons, Only Hydrogen has 1 proton
gold
aluminum
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
What do you notice about these elements’ proton numbers
and electron numbers?
Iron
26 P
26 E
30 N
Tin
P
Aluminum 13
13 E
14 N
50 P
50 E
69 N
Gold
79 P
79 E
118 N
Proton # =
Electron#
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Atoms have equal numbers of +P and –E so they are...
electrically neutral!!!!
+79 + (-79) = ???
Gold
79 P
79 E
118 N
+79 + (-79) = 0
+P# = -E # = NEUTRAL!!!!!
to read
the Periodic
Table of the Elements
2.1How
Atoms,
Ions,
and Molecules
2.1 How
Atoms,
Ions,
Molecules
to read
the and
Periodic
Table of the Elements
Atomic # = Proton # = Electron #
All the same #!!!!!
2.1 How
Atoms,
Ions,
Molecules
to read
the and
Periodic
Table of the Elements
• Electron Configuration allows us
to know how many electrons are in
each energy level
6 energy levels
• 1st=2
• 2nd=8
• 3rd= 18
• 4th= 32
• 5th=18
• 6th= 1
2+8+18+32+18+1= 79E
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
How to find the Proton, Electron, and Neutron # for any
element
Atomic #
Element’s Symbol
Element Name
Atomic Mass
– Number of Protons = Atomic #
79
– Number of Electrons = #of Protons = Atomic #
79
– Number of Neutrons = Mass # (rounded up) - Atomic #
197 - 79 =
118
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Create Your Own Atom (P#/E#/N#) bottom P.4
Mass (rounded up)-Atomic #= Neutron #
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
2
8
3
Draw an aluminum atom
with protons, neutrons
and electrons color coded
– Protons
– Neutrons
– Electrons
26.9815386
Neutron # = Atomic mass (rounded up) – the atomic #
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Draw a Aluminum Atom
– Protons: 13
– Neutrons: 14
(27-13= 14)
– Electrons: 13
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Bill Nye Part II- Elements 9m35s
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Sponge: Set up Cornell
Notes on pg. 7
Topic: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and
Molecules
Essential Question:
How do ions form?
Compare Ionic and
Covalent bonding.
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
How do Ions form? Compare Ionic
and covalent bonding.
Key Vocabulary:
Ion
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Molecule
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
P.6
Ionic Bond
EQ
Ion Formation
Covalent Bond
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Q: Because all atoms are made of the same
types of particles (protons, neutrons, and
electrons), what difference among atoms makes
one element different from other elements?
Aluminum
Iron
Tin
A: The number of protons in the nucleus!!!!
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• A compound is made of 2 or more different elements
bonded together in a certain ratio. Ex: H20
– water (H2O)
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
_
+
H
O
H
+
Draw mini picture
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• A molecule is two or more atoms held together by
covalent bonds.
• All compounds are molecules
• NOT all molecules are compounds
covalent
covalent
•
•
Compound
and
molecule
Hydrogen
– Ex: H2O
Molecule
only
– Ex: O2
O O
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons
(-). An ion forms because an atom is more stable when its
outermost energy level is full.
+
-
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Positive Ions:
•Mostly empty outer energy levels= lose those electrons
•Become POSITIVELY charged ion
Negative Ions:
•Nearly full outer energy level =gain electrons
•Become a NEGATIVELY charged ion
Energy
level
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
IONS
11P
• 11P (+)
• 10E (-)
Please draw and
Label on the top 1/3
of pg. 6
17P
+
• 17P (+)
• 18E (-)
-
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Hydrogen: neutral
Hydrogen: becomes
a positively charged
ion
Fluorine: needs one
electron to fill its
outer energy level
Fluorine: “steals” an electron
from Hydrogen. Becomes a
negatively charged ion
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Understanding how an ion forms ionic bonds
and covalent bonds is important because ions
play large roles in organisms.
• They are important in all biological processes. A few
examples are:
• They play a role in muscle contraction and cell shape
• Chloride (Cl-) is a chemical the human body needs for
metabolism (the process of turning food into energy)
• Calcium ions (Ca2+) are necessary for every muscle
movement in your body
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• Ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions.
Dissolve in H2O.
Draw in the
middle
section of
pg. 6
“Opposites Attract!!!!”
Now we have salt!!!!
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
covalent bonds
– Share electrons in outer energy level
– Can have multiple bonds
– Strong bonds
covalent
covalent
H2O
Aka
Water!
Hydrogen
Draw in the
middle
section of
pg. 6
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Ionic and Covalent Bonding
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
On the bottom of pg. 6 create a
double bubble map comparing and
contrasting ionic bonds and covalent
bonds.
Ionic Bonds
Covalent
Bonds
Pg. 38-39 in book
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Double bubble map comparing and
contrasting ionic bonds and covalent
bonds
Bonds ions
Form
between
oppositely
charged
ions
Dissolve in H2O
bonding
Share electrons
Covalent
Bonds
Ionic Bonds
atoms
Strong Bond
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Sponge: Set up Cornell
Notes on pg. 9
Topic: Atoms, Elements,
Molecules, and
Compounds
Essential Question:
None 
2.1 Atoms, Elements, Molecules,
and Compounds
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• Draw the atom that is described below. Remember what you
have learned about where each one of the particles are
located in an atom. Use red for protons, black for neutrons,
and blue for electrons.
•
•
•
•
1. Nitrogen:
Protons: 7
Neutrons: 7
Electrons: 7
2.1
Atoms,
Ions,
and Molecules
Elements
Draw
an
Atoms
Atom
1.
(picture)
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(picture)
(picture)
7.
3.
(picture)
(picture)
8.
P. 8
Pg. 36-39 in book
Metals: #s
Nonmetals:#s
Metalloids: #s
11. Ductile: able to deform without breaking
Brittle: hard, but easy to shatter
12. Malleable: able to be hammered into another
13. permanent shape without breaking
Molecules
14.
15.
10.
1.
16.
11.
2.
17.
12.
3.
18.
13.
4.
19.
14.
5.
20.
15.
6.
21.
16.
7.
22.
17.
8.
23.
18.
9.
24.
P. 9
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Classwork
• Complete “Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and
Compounds” worksheet
– DO NOT complete “Compound” portion (last pg.)
• When you are done you are to work on your
Eqs for 2.1
• Cornell Questions (4-6) for each day of 2.1
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Draw an Atom
• 1. Hydrogen
• 2. Carbon
• 3. Oxygen
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
•
•
•
•
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•
Atoms
1. True
2. False- Electrons are negatively charged
3. True
4. False- Neutrons are neutrally charged
5. False- # of protons does not = the # of electrons
6. Helium
• 7.
Carbon
• 8. A compound must at least 2 different elements bonded
together, where a molecule is any 2 or more atoms bonded
together
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Elements
•
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•
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Metals: 1 3 6 7
Nonmetals: 2 4 9
Metalloids: 5 8 10
11. element
12. atomic #
13. protons
14. below
15. mass
16. neutrons
17. nucleus
18. location
•
•
•
•
•
•
19. nitrogen
20. N
21. 7
22. 14.0
23. 7
24. 7
14= 7 + ___
Mass #= P# + N#
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Molecules
•
•
•
•
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•
•
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•
•
1. molecules
2. molecules
3. compounds
4. molecules
5. compounds
6. compounds
7. molecules
8. compounds
9. 2 Hydrogen, 1 Oxygen
10. 2 Nitrogen, 1 Oxygen
•
•
•
•
•
•
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•
11. 2 Hydrogen, 1 Sulfur, 4 Oxy
12. 1 Carbon, 4 Hydrogen
13. 6 Carbon, 12 Hydro, 6 Oxy
14. 2 Carbon, 4 Hydro, 2 Oxy
15. 6 Carbon, 8 Hydro, 7 Oxy
16. 2 Carbon, 6 Hydro, 1 Oxy
17. 3 Hydro, 1 phosphorus, 4 Oxy
18. 1 Silicon, 1 Oxygen