Transcript Matter - EdPsyc Interactive

Matter
Part I
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
Matter
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anything that
takes up space
and has mass.
Atoms: smallest particles that
make up matter. Made of:


Protons and Neutrons inside the
nucleus
Electrons that orbit around the
nucleus
-
+
+
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Atomic Particles
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Protons have a positive charge +
Neutrons have no charge
Electrons have a negative charge

-
In an uncharged atom, the number of
protons is equal to the number of electrons
Atomic Number = Protons (P)
Mass Number = Protons + Neutrons (P + N)
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A little laugh…

A neutron walked into a bar and asked
how much for a drink. The bartender
replied: “For you, no charge.”

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
Atoms Tour:
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http://education.jlab.org/atomtour/listofparticles.html
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Elements
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Element: substance that is made entirely
from one type of atom.
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Ex. Cu
S
C
H
For example, the element hydrogen is made
from atoms containing just one proton and
one electron.
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Molecules & Compounds
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Molecule
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Formed when any
atoms (same or
different atoms) join
together chemically.
When made of
different atoms, it is
the single unit of a
compound*
O2 H2 H2O
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Compound
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Molecule that
contains at least
two different
elements
H2O H2SO4 CO2
NaCl
* The H2O compound has several H2O molecules.
All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds
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Ions
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Atoms
that have either lost
or gained electrons.
_
_
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Cl
Na+
K+
F
H+
H – 1e = H+
Na – 1e = Na_+
Cl + 1e = Cl
Ions of opposite charges combine to form ionic
compounds.
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/atom_ions.html
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See if you get this…

Two atoms were walking down the street.
One said: “Why do you look so sad?”
The other responded: “I lost an electron.”
Concerned, One said: “Are you sure?”
The other replied: “I’m positive.”
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Chemical Bonds
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COVALENT BOND:
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IONIC BOND:
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Strongest bond
Atoms share electrons forming a molecule
Ex. H2O
CH4
Between 2 oppositely charged atoms (ions)
Electrons are transferred from one to the other
Ex. NaCl
KI
METALLIC BOND:
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Electrons move freely from ion to ion (Cu wire)
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