Transcript Metals
Periodic Table Bell Ringer Bohr Model of the Atom (1913) • What is this model of the atom called? • How do electrons travel according to this model of the atom? – Electrons travel in definite paths. – Electrons jump between levels from path to path. Bell Ringer • C-12 • C-14 1.What do the numbers in red represent? 2.What do the two atoms above represent? Quick Review Bohr Diagram Nucleus P+N 1st energy level (2 electrons) 2nd energy level (8 electrons) 3rd energy level (18 electrons) Henry Moseley • British scientist • Determined the number of protons (atomic number) in an atom • He arranged elements in the Periodic Table according to atomic number Dmitri Mendeleev • Russian chemist • Discovered a pattern to the properties of elements if they were arranged in order of increasing atomic mass Mendeleev’s 1871 Periodic Table Periodic Law • The chemical and physical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic number. Group • Each column of elements from top to bottom on the Periodic Table. • Also known as Family • Elements in a ‘family’ behave in a similar way – Example: Group 1 (all except Hydrogen) elements are called alkali metals. How are they similar? • They react explosively with water! Period • Each horizontal row of elements from left to right on the Periodic Table • As you go from left to right, atomic number increases by 1 – number of protons increases by 1 – number of electrons also increases by 1 in the same valence shell Periodic Table worksheet • Color the square for hydrogen yellow (#1) • Using black pencil or marker, mark the zigzag line (#5) • Color the Noble Gases orange (#3) Noble gases are stable and do not take part in chemical reactions. Metals • Found to the left of the zigzag line in the Periodic Table • Solid at room temperature, good conductors, malleable, ductile and shiny Color the groups with very reactive metals red (#2) Color the transition metals green (#4) Color the metals in groups 13 to 16 brown (#8) Circle and label alkali metals blue (#11) Circle and label alkaline earth metals in purple (#12) Nonmetals • Found to the right of the zigzag line in the Periodic Table • Poor conductors, not malleable, not ductile and not shiny Color the nonmetals that are not noble gases blue (#7) Circle and label the halogens in green (#13) Metalloids • Also called semiconductors. • Found at the border of the zigzag line on the Periodic Table • They have some properties of metals and nonmetals (hard, very brittle) Color the metalloids purple (#6) Complete the table in your notes Symbol Element Period # Group # Metal, Solid, nonmetal liquid or or gas? metalloid? N Nitrogen 2 15 Nonmetal Gas Ca Calcium 4 2 Metal Solid Na Sodium 3 1 Metal Solid Hg Mercury 6 12 Metal Liquid W Tungsten 6 6 Metal Solid Kr Krypton 4 18 Nonmetal Gas I Iodine 5 17 Nonmetal Solid Zn Zinc 4 12 Metal Solid Sg Seaborgium 7 6 Metal Solid Tl Thallium 6 13 Metal Solid As Arsenic 4 15 Metalloid Solid Y Yttrium 5 3 Metal Solid Video – HOW ELEMENTS ARE CREATED? – Island of Stability: A nuclear chemist aims to create entirely new elements to add to the periodic table. Aired October 3, 2006 on PBS http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/hysics/stability-elements.html Quick Review • Outermost energy level of an atom is called valence shell. • Electrons in valence shell are called valence electrons. • Group number indicates the number of valence electrons. • Period number determines the number of energy levels (or rings).