Transcript Overview on CDM - ACP

Overview on CDM
By
Ann Gordon
Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment
14th July 2011
Overview on CDM
Contents
 United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change
 Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC
 Annex I targets
 The Kyoto Mechanisms
United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

Ultimate Objective: “stabilization of
greenhouse gas concentrations in the
atmosphere at a level that would prevent
dangerous anthropogenic interference with the
climate system…within a timeframe sufficient
to allow eco-systems to adapt naturally to
climate change, to ensure that food production
is not threatened and to enable economic
development to proceed in a sustainable
manner.”
UNFCCC- Developed Countries

Commitment - To return individually or
jointly to their 1990 levels of emissions of
greenhouse gases (GHG) by 2000

However, their emissions continue to rise
UNFCCC
Belize signed in 1992
 Belize ratified in 1994
 Convention came into force on 21 March
1994
 At COP 1 (1995) the Ad hoc Group on the
Berlin Mandate (AWG-BM) was established
to draft an agreement to strengthen
developed country commitments
 8 negotiating sessions culminating in the
Kyoto Protocol at COP 3 in 1997

Kyoto Protocol
Parties included in Annex I (developed
countries) shall reduce their overall
emissions of GHGs by at least 5% below
their 1990 levels in the 2008-2012
commitment period
 Came into effect on 16 February 2005
when 50 Parties representing 55% of global
GHG emissions ratified

◦ US withdrew
Greenhouse Gases (GHG)
 Carbon
dioxide (CO2)
 Methane (CH4)
 Nitrous oxide (N2O)
 Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
 Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
 Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
Sectors/Source Categories
 Energy
 Forestry
 Industrial
Processes
 Agriculture
 Waste
 Solvent and other product use
Quantified Emission Targets
Party
Quantified emission
limitation and reduction
commitment
EU-15
-8%
United States
-7%
Poland, Canada, Japan, Hungary
-6%
Croatia
-5%
New Zealand, Russian Federation
0%
Norway
+1%
Australia
+8%
Iceland
+10%
How Annex I countries meet Kyoto
commitment

The Kyoto Protocol is the first concrete steps
to curb GHG emissions
Domestic Actions
Targeted GHG
Reductions
Annex I countries
How Annex I countries meet Kyoto
commitment

The Kyoto Protocol is the first concrete
steps to curb GHG emissions
Domestic Actions
Targeted GHG
Reductions
Flexible Kyoto Mechanisms
Annex I countries
KYOTO MECHANISMS
JI
CDM
ET
ERUs
CERs
AAUs
Article 6:
Joint
Implementation
Article 12:
Clean Development
Mechanism
Partnership:
Annex I + Annex I
Partnership:
Annex I + non-Annex I
Article 17:
Emission Trading
Partnership:
Annex I + Annex I
Clean Development Mechanism
Industrialized Countries
Annex I
Countries
Financial
Investments
Non-Annex I
Countries
Developing countries
Clean Development Mechanism
Industrialized Countries
Annex I
Countries
Financial
Investments
Technology
Transfer
Non-Annex I
Countries
Developing countries
What makes projects eligible for CDM
Baseline
-What would happen in the absence of the Project
GHG Emissions
Baseline Emission
Without
CDM
Emission Reduction
CERs
Project Emission
With CDM
Year
What makes projects eligible for CDM
Revenues from CERs
CERs = Emission Reduction = Baseline Emission – Project
Emission-Leakage
Baseline
-What would happen in the absence of the Project
GHG Emissions
Baseline Emission
Without
CDM
Emission Reduction
With CDM
CERs
Project Emission
Year
International Structure for CDM
The CDM is supervised by the Executive Board
 The Executive Board is composed of 10 members ,
including one from each of the 5 official UN regions,
one from the SIDS, and 2 each from AI and NAI
 The EB accredits operational entities
 The EB maintains a CDM registry
-issue new CERs
-manage an account for CERs levied adaptation and
administrative expenses
-maintain a CER account for each NAI hosting a
CDM project
