Transcript The monitoring of greenhouse gases and governmental

The monitoring of greenhouse
gases and governmental policies
on controlling emission in China
Renhe Zhang（张人禾）
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences
（中国气象科学研究院）
Content
• Climate change in China
• GHGs monitoring in China
• Governmental policies on controlling
emission
• Concluding remarks
Content
• Climate change in China
• GHGs monitoring in China
• Governmental policies on controlling
emission
• Concluding remarks
Surface temperature Change in China
气候变化监测
Change of the Annual Mean surface
temperature in 1957-2006
55
50
45
2.5
2
40
1.5
0.5
0
30
-0.5
-1
25
（中国气象局国家气候中心）
20
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
℃/50
1
35
（
单
位
：
年
）
Precipitation Change in China
（中国气象局国家气候中心）
Change of the Annual Mean Precipitation in 1957-2006
55
50
45
45
30
40
15
0
-15
-30
30
-45
-60
25
20
（中国气象局国家气候中心）
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
%/50
35
（
单
位
：
年
）
Trends of Extreme Heavy Rainfall Days in China in
1957-2006
Haze Frequency Change in China
8000
7000
总频次
1971-2000年平均值
6000
总频次
5000
4000
3000
2000
Affecting traffic,
electronic power and
human health.
1000
0
1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005
年份
Content
• Climate change in China
• GHGs monitoring in China
• Governmental policies on controlling
emission
• Concluding remarks
GAW Global & Regional Stations in China
Management
GAW stations in China
CMA
Local government
Joint
workshop
Provincial Meteorological
Bureaus
Operation & Logistic
Scientific
community
Chinese Academy of
Meteorological Sciences
Science & Technology
Cooperation
GAW Global & Regional stations
Other network stations
China Atmosphere Watch（14 Key regions）
National Centre for Network Observation
Funded by MOST Project (2005.12-2008.12)
LFS
SDZ
WLG
LA
CO2 monthly means(ppm)
390
385
wlg CO2
mlo CO2
380
Growth rate wlg=1.77ppm/yr
Growth rate mlo=1.76ppm/yr
375
370
365
360
355
350
345
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year
CH4 monthly means(ppb)
1880
1860
wlg CH4
mlo CH4
Growth ratewlg=4.25ppb/yr
Growth ratemlo=3.76ppb/yr
1840
1820
1800
1780
1760
1740
1720
1700
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
CO monthly means(ppb)
Year
250
230
210
190
170
150
130
110
90
70
50
wlg CO
mlo CO
Growth rate wlg=0.92ppb/yr
Growth rate mlo=0.09ppb/yr
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year
Atmospheric CO2 , CH4, CO
monthly mean time series at
Mt.Waliguan (WLG) & compare
to Mouna Loa (MLO)
Atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio (2006-2007)
Atmospheric CH4 mixing ratio (2006-2007)
Time series of
CO2 mole
fractions used in
NOAA’s
CarbonTracker
Objectives
● Independent emission estimates (top down) for China
CFCs, CCl4, CH3CCl3, Halons, HCFCs
+ current emissions, trends;
+ check on emissions reported to UNEP
(bottom up)
● Improve global budgets for these trace gases
(lifetimes, global sources)
● Contributions of these trace gases to global warming
Compounds currently measured at
Shangdianzi
Ozone-depleting Gases
Greenhouse Gases
• CFCs: chlorofluorocarbons (C, Cl, F):
CFC-12, CFC-11, CFC-113, CFC-115,
CFC-114
• CO2, CH4, N2O
• HCFCs: hydrochlorofluorcarbons (C,
Cl, F, H):
HCFC-22, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b,
HCFC-124
• HFCs: hydrofluorocarbons (C, H, F):
HFC-134, HFC-152a, HFC-125,
HFC-23, HFC-143, HFC-227ea, HFC161, HFC-365mfc, HFC-245fa, HFC236fa, and many more
• Halons: (C, Br, Cl, F):
H-1301, H-1211
• PFCs: Perfluorated Hydrocarbons (C, F):
CF4, C2F6, C4F8
• Trichloroethane = methyl chloroform
= CH3CCl3
• Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)
• SF6
• Chloroform (CHCl3)
• TCE (C2HCl3) and PCE (C2Cl3)
• Methyl bromide (CH3Br)
• CO
Species in red: in-situ
Species in blue: flasks
Preliminary results from SDZ, China
Production and consumption of CFCs was banned on
July 1st, 2007 (China National Plan)
CFC-11
2006
July 1st 2007
2007
2008
2007
2008
CFC-12
2006
Preliminary results from SDZ, China
Production and consumption of Halons will be banned in 2010
6
H-1301/ppt
Halon-1301 [ ppt ]
4
2
mon
10 11
12
1
2
3
2006
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2007
2
2008
Polluted
Background
3
Preliminary results from SDZ, China
Production and consumption of methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3)
will be banned in 2015
CH3CCl3
2006
2007
2008
Some campaign sites in China
Tang et al., 1993
Wang et al.，2003
Chen et al., 2001
Wang et al.，
2005
Wang et al.，1997
Chang et al.，2000
Chen et al., ，1998
Compare with some campaign
sites in China
Comparing
with other results
CFC-12
CCl4
CFC-113
CH3CCl3
Compare with some AGAGE global sites
Courtesy AGAGE:
Mace Head / Cape Grim
Observational data
Red-Shangdianzi polluted、Black-Shangdianzi background
Blue-Mace Head polluted、Light blue -Mace Head background
Yellow-Cape Grim polluted、Pink-Cape Grim background
CH3CCl3 [ ppt ]
Compare with AGAGE results
Mace Head
Cape Grim
Shangdianzi
CH3CCl3 [ ppt ]
Compare with AGAGE results
50% total ban
freeze
Mace Head
Cape Grim
Shangdianzi
CH3CCl3 [ ppt ]
Compare with AGAGE results
50% total ban
freeze
Mace Head
Shangdianzi
2015
100%
freeze
Cape Grim
30%
2010
70%
Global and Chinese Emissions
Chinese CH3CCl3 Emissions
Chinese HCFC-22 Emissions
Content
• Climate change in China
• GHGs monitoring in China
• Governmental policies on controlling
emission
• Concluding remarks
Meeting the challenge of climate change
is one of the political tasks in China
In 17th CPC Congress, President HU Jintao stress:
• Meeting the challenge of climate change,
• Raising the utilizing efficiency of resources,
• Improving eco-environment substantially.
When President Hu Jintao visited Gansu
Provincial Meteorological Bureau, he said:
“Climate change is a hot topics in the world. You
should conduct well research on it to guarantee the
sustainable development of economics and society
and to serve the people’s welfare and safety.”
On June 4, 2007, China
distributes the State
Council Document of the
“National Plan for
Meeting the Challenge of
Climate Change”.
China also established
National Leading Group for
meeting the challenge of
climate change. Premier
Wen Jiabao serve as the
leader of the Group.
The Document requires the whole country:
• to realize the importance and pressure of climate
change,
• to understand the requirement of implementation of
the State Council Document,
• to fulfil policies and measures in controlling GHGs
emission,
• to enhance the ability in adaptation of climate
change,
• to exert the role of science and technology,
• to set up system and mechanism
• to strengthen organizing and leading.
Main Contents of the State Council Document
• Part 1 Present Status of Climate Change in China
and Efforts in Meeting the Challenge of Climate
Change
• Part 2 Influence and Challenge of Climate Change
to China
• Part 3 Guidance, Principle and Goal for Meeting
the Challenge of Climate Change in China
• Part 4 China’s Policies and Measures for Meeting
the Challenge of Climate Change
• Part 5 China’s Basic Standpoint for some
questions and International Cooperation
Measures taken in controlling
GHGs Emission
• adjusting the structure of economics, advancing the
progress of technology, raising the efficiency of energy
utilization
• developing low carbon energy and clean energy, changing
energy structure
• tree planting and afforestation, ecology construction and
protectation
• family plan, controlling increasing of population
• constituting related laws, regulations and policies
• constructing system and organization
• Strengthening research on climate change, and ability
construction
• Education and publicity of climate change
Achievement ——Some examples
• Raising the energy efficiency — Energy consumption
for 10,000YMB-GDP reduced 47% in 1991-2005,
saving coal 8X108 tons and reducing emission of CO2
18X108 tons. 1% increasing of Unit GDP increases
emission by 0.38%, lower than world average 0.6%.
• Using clean energy — Utilization of clean energy in
2005 corresponding to reduce CO2 emission 3.28X108
tons.
• Planting tree — Tree planting in 1980-2005
corresponds to absorb CO2 30.6X108 tons.
• In 2006-2010, Energy consumption for Unit GDP will
be reduced by 20%.
Content
• Climate change in China
• GHGs monitoring in China
• Governmental policies on controlling
emission
• Concluding remarks
GHGs monitoring and its impact on climate change
in Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science
International cooperation
Launch of EU-China Year of
Science & Technology Policy Forum
Brussels, 11-12 October 2006
Sino-Swiss Science and Technology Cooperation
JOINT RESEARCH PROJECTS
Sino-Swiss cooperation on monitoring of non-CO2
greenhouse gases (2SMONG)
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS)
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (Empa)
Shangdianzi, 2008.7.15
We have only one world!