Transcript 2014年春季六级阅读
2014大学英语六级——篇章阅读 主讲：於迎春（William) [email protected] 13801241687 今天会很残酷， 明天会更残酷， 后天会很美好， 但大部分人都死在了明天的晚上。 ——马云 水平定位 2013年12月六级真题（1） 精细阅读 passage one 标准考试时间：10 minutes 备考策略三大要素 第一要素：核心非智力因素 心态守住内心，即是守住了天下。 勤奋要勤奋，不要刻苦。 Nothing is impossible! 没有什么不可能！ Nothing for nothing. 不费力气，一无所得。 Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be what you want to be, because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do. 做你想做的梦吧，去你想去的地方吧， 成为你想成为的人吧，因为你只有一次生命， 一个机会去做所有那些你想做的事。 第二要素 语言基本功 ——简单的事情重复做，重复的事情坚持做 第一项基本功——词汇 （既要有量，又要有质） 第二项基本功——句法 （不求甚解，只求够用） 第三项基本功——阅读 （量的积累=质的飞跃） 推荐6次阅读法 （精读1篇篇章阅读/天*20=20篇） 1. 做题：对答案，记录做题时间。 2. 词：划出并照抄所有生词和词组。 3. 句：划出并摘抄观点句和长难句。 4. 翻译：发现中文和英文的表达差异。 5. 篇：分析文章结构；画出逻辑关系图。 6：阅读技巧：题的出处；选项特点。 第三要素 考试技巧 ——复杂的事情简单做，简单的事情重复做 逻辑思维：焦点思维、中心一致、先概括后具体 英语文化：历史、地理、饮食、教育、法律 命题规律 考试技巧 两个重要概念 事实（细节）：事物、事件、事态； 客观存在的一切物体与现象 观点（主旨）：看法；人对事物和问 题的看法； 观点？事实？ 1）2006年3月22日，国务院常务会议将天津完整 定位为“环渤海地区经济中心，国际港口城市，北 方经济中心，生态城市”。 2）天津的小吃与特产数目众多，尤其以“天津 三绝”著名。 3）全国大学英语考试（College English Test， 简称CET）是1987年由教育部高教司主持实施的一种 大规模的标准化考试。 4）四六级考试是我国规模最大的英语考试。 5）笔试在每年6月和12月各一次，口试在笔试前 进行，每年5月和11月各一次。 三种必备能力 1）词能：词义；同义转换 2）句能：长难句分析能力 3）篇能：主旨；主题句；拓展句 Reading Comprehension 阅读三重境界 彻底糊涂：细节 彻底明白：细节+主旨 似懂非懂：翻译 阅读篇章特点 学术英语，有新意的，信息密集的， 观点上转折、有争议的，非平铺直 叙的。 ） 阅读的流畅性(accuracy) 和理解的准确性(fluency) 考查：词，句，篇（逻辑） 出题特点 1）细节再现（词句转换） 2）词句变化较大 3）隐性结论 出题规则 设置理解障碍 1）插入复杂句式和难词 2）设计干扰项 无词阅读： 主题、方向、关系词 做题步骤 Step 1: 找关键词 Step 2: 回归定位 Step 3: 判断得解 阅读理解第一原则 中心一致原则 中心观点=主题+价值判断 首段（转折式居多） 5道题目 阅读理解第二原则 定位原则（多次定位、精准定位） 关键词原则：特殊 1）特殊优先词——数字，大写名词，比 较级 2）独特名、动、形、副 例外原则： 1）常用的词 2）主题词 3）重复出现的词 阅读理解第三原则 判断：一一对应原则 同义转换 换词 换句型 换一种说法 正确选项：一一对应 1）找对关键词，就能定位 2）被定位的句子不一定有完整答案 证据链：消灭对抗，固本清源 证据规则：“不能被有效证明的事实 等于不存在。” 词的理解 一、强烈转折关系词汇 but, yet, however, in fact, nevertheless, nonetheless, indeed, virtually, practically But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions. 63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage? A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts. B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles. C) It was warmly received by environmentalists. D) It caused a big stir in developing countries. However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty. 65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report? A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data. B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined. C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference. D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders. 二、因果关系词汇 1.名词：base, basis, result, consequence, reason 2. 动词（词组）：因cause, result in, lead to果; 果result from, base on， be based on 因 3. 介词或连词:because, since, for, as, so, why, with, as a result 4. 副词:therefore, consequently, accordingly, thus, Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general. The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that humaninfluenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良)and heat-related health problems. 62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum? A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development. B) Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming. C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries. D) disasters. Economic trends have to do with population and natural Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was "a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. 64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report? A) Its statistics look embarrassing. B) It is invalid in terms of methodology. C) It deserves our closest attention. D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated. 三、观点、态度、结论词汇 观点、态度：argue, ask, suggest, show, believe, conclude, concern, explain 结论： turn out, find out, reveal In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. 66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference? A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming. B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced. C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale. D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards. Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性)of conflict. 57. What can we learn from some recent studies? A) Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable. B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other. C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good. D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes. 四、比较关系的词汇 -er/est, more/most Like, unlike, different from, differ from, on the other hand, on the contrary, in the contrast As…as, not so/as…as, more/less… than.., An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester. 59. What does the Indiana University study show? A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out. B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer. C) Roommates of different races just don't get along. D) Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.