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Chapter 3
Section 3 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles
Objectives
• Describe the role of the nucleus in cell activities.
• Analyze the role of internal membranes in protein
production.
• Summarize the importance of mitochondria in
eukaryotic cells.
• Identify three structure in plant cells that are absent
from animal cells.
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New Vocabulary
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Endoplasmic reticulum
Vesicle
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Central vacuole
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• In this section, we are studying eukaryotic cell
organelles…
• Why are we no longer studying prokaryotes?
They do not have organelles
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Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles
Nucleus
The __________________
Controls most functions of a eukaryotic cell
• ____________
center
• Located in the _______________
of animals cells
and towards the __________
of plant cells
side
Animal cell
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• The nucleus is surrounded
by a ___________
double
membrane called the
envelope
nuclear _______________.
• There is a dense region in
the center of the nucleus
called a _______________
nucleolus
ribosomes
– It makes ____________,
which are the site of
____________
synthesis
protein
Ribosomes don’t have a
membrane, they are made of
RNA
compact strands of _________
and proteins
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• The nuclear envelope also
contains small openings
called _________
pores
– These pores allow
substances made inside
the nucleus, like
ribosomes, to
leave and go to the
_________
rest of the cell
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• DNA is also found inside
the nucleus
not
– When the cell is ____
dividing, the DNA is
found in long thin strands
called ____________
chromatin
– When the cell is
dividing, the
chromatin bundles
up into rod-shaped
objects called
chromosomes
______________
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
____________________________
(ER)
• After ribosomes leave the nucleus, they may travel to
the endoplasmic reticulum
– It is an extensive system of internal membranes
a hallway
that are kind of like ____________________
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Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles
reactions
• The ER carries out chemical ______________
and
transports proteins through the cell
____________
• The many hallways of the ER provides more
surface ___________
area
_________
for chemical reactions to
occur
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Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles
• The portion of the ER with attached ribosomes is
rough
called the ____________
ER
• The rough ER helps to ___________
process and
transport
____________
proteins that are made by the
attached ribosomes.
• When the protein is completed, the portion of the ER
containing the protein pinches to form a
vesicle / vacuole
____________________
vesicle
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sac that
• A vesicle is a small membrane bound ______
transports substances throughout the cell
• These proteins made in the rough ER will eventually
leave
___________
the cell
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Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles
• The portion of the ER without attached ribosomes
smooth
is called the ____________
ER
lipids
– It makes ______________
and breaks down
toxic
__________
substances
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Free
________
Ribosomes
floating in the
• Ribosomes are also found ___________
cytosol so they are called “free”
• Free ribosomes make proteins that will stay
inside
______________
the cell, such as those used to
organelles
make new _______________
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Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles
Golgi Apparatus
______________________________
• Before a protein can do its specific job, it must be
______________
and ___________
packaged
transported correctly
• Vesicles carry proteins to the golgi apparatus, which is
UPS plant and animal of the cell
kind of like the ______
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Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles
flattened
• The Golgi apparatus is a set of _____________,
membrane-bound sacs that serve as the packaging
and distribution center of the cell.
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• Vesicles attach to one side of the golgi apparatus
cis
called the _______
side and leave on the other side
trans side
called the ________
cis
trans
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Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles
Lysosome
______________________
animal
vesicles
• Special _______________
found only in __________
cells that leave the golgi apparatus
enzymes
• They contain digestive _____________
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Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles
• These enzymes break down….
organelles
– Worn out _______________
food
– _________
particles
viruses and _______________
bacteria
– ___________
• When these substances are fully digested, vesicles
expel
___________
them from the cell
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Centrioles
__________________
centrioles
• Another cell part found only
animal cells
in ___________
pairs
• Occur in ________
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• Each set in the pair is made
triplets
of 9 ____________
of
microtubules
• Help with cell ___________
division
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Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles
Mitochondria
______________________
• Organelles that make energy in the form of _______
ATP
from organic compounds that you eat, like
carbohydrates
_______________________
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Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles
2
• Similar to the nucleus, mitochondria have _____
membranes
smooth
– The outer membrane is ____________
folded
– The inner membrane is ____________,
allowing
more surface area for chemical reactions to occur
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Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles
DNA so the can
• Mitochondria have their own _____
reproduce
________________
on their own, independently of
the cell.
• Their DNA is similar to the DNA of _____________
prokaryotic
cells.
– Because of this, mitochondria are thought to be
descendents
__________________
of primitive prokaryotes
endosymbiont
• One theory, called the __________________
theory, hypothesizes that mitochondria were
absorbed
________________
into larger cells, eventually
forming a eukaryote
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Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles
Structures of Plant Cells
Plants have three unique structures that are not found
in animal cells:
Cell Wall
• __________
Chloroplasts
• ____________
Central Vacuole
• _____________
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Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles
Cell Wall
cellulose
• Made of ______________
• Functions
maintain the shape of
support and __________
• helps _________
the cell
protects the cell from damage
• ____________
Connects plant cells with adjacent plant cells
• ___________
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Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles
Chloroplasts
light
CO2
• Organelles that use _________
energy, ______,
and
water to make food called ____________
glucose
_______
• Has…
2 membranes
– ____
– Series of stacks
grana
called __________,
that contain
chlorophyll
______________
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Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles
third
• A __________
membrane surrounds the grana
thylakoid
– It is called the __________________
membrane
• Like mitochondria, scientists
propose that chloroplasts
descendents of
are ______________
ancient prokaryotes and are
a part of the
endosymbiont
_____________ theory
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Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles
Central Vacuole
• Takes up most of the
volume of a
__________
plant cell…pushes the
nucleus to the
__________
side
• The central vacuole
stores…
food
– __________
– __________
water
– __________
ions
waste
– __________
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Plastid
_______________________
• Common name for any ___________
smaller vacuole in a
plant
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Chapter 3
Standardized Test Prep
Question 1
Label the cell parts below…
Cell membrane
mitochondria
ribosomes
Golgi
apparatus
Rough ER
Smooth ER
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Chapter 3
Standardized Test Prep
Question 2
Which structures in this cell are also found in
prokaryotic cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A and B
C and D
E and F
A and E
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Chapter 3
Standardized Test Prep
Question 3
Which features of plant cells are missing from this
cell?
F.
G.
H.
J.
cell wall and chloroplasts
Golgi apparatus and mitochondria
rough ER and lysosomes
smooth ER and nucleus
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Chapter 3
Standardized Test Prep
Question 4
What is the function of the structure labeled A?
A.
B.
C.
D.
making ATP
making carbohydrates
making proteins
moving proteins through the cell
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Chapter 3
Standardized Test Prep
Question 5
Which of the following organelles does not have at
least 2 membranes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
chloroplast
nucleus
golgi apparatus
mitochondria
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Chapter 3
Standardized Test Prep
Question 6
Which of the following organelles are only found in
animal cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.
nucleus and ER
centrioles and lysosomes
cell wall and cell membrane
ribosomes and mitochondria
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