Transcript Cell Organelles and Features

Cell Organelles and
Features
Endosymbiosis
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A mutually beneficial relationship in which one organism
lives inside the other
Hypothesized process by which prokaryotes gave
rise to the first eukaryotic cells
Mitochondria are considered to have originated from
proteobacteria.
Chloroplasts are considered to have originated from
cyanobacteria.
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Cell Organelles and
Features
Endosymbiosis
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Cell Organelles and
Features
Endosymbiosis
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Cell Organelles and
Features
Nucleus
• directs the cell’s activities
• stores DNA
• makes RNA
• Nuclear Envelope
– a double membrane surrounding the nucleus
•
Nucleolus
– where DNA is concentrated when it is in the
process of making ribosomal RNA
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Cell Organelles and
Features
Nucleus of a Cell
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Cell Organelles and
Features
Mitochondria
• Harvest energy from organic compounds and transfer
it to ATP
• Surrounded by a double membrane
• Have own DNA, RNA, and ribosomes
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Cell Organelles and
Features
Mitochondria
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Cell Organelles and
Features
Ribosomes
• free or attached to the rough ER
• link together amino acids to make proteins
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Cell Organelles and
Features
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• The rough ER prepares proteins for export or
insertion into the cell membrane
• The smooth ER builds lipids and participates in
detoxification of toxins
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Cell Organelles and
Features
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and Ribosomes
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Cell Organelles and
Features
Golgi Apparatus
• processes and packages proteins for export
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Cytoskeleton
• protein fibers
• help cells move and maintain their shape
• includes microtubules and microfilaments
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Unique Features of Animal Cells
Animal Cells
1. lysosomes
2. centrioles
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Unique Features of Animal Cells
Lysosomes
• Vesicles that contain digestive enzymes
• Defend cell against bacteria and viruses
• (debate if they are found in plant cells)
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Unique Features of Animal Cells
Centrioles
• two short cylinders of microtubules at right angles to
each other
• Functions…
• involved in cell division (not sure now)
• organize microtubules to make cilia and flagella
– hairlike structures that extend from the surface of
the cell
– assist in movement
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Unique Features of Animal Cells
Structure of Cilia and Flagella
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Unique Features of Plant Cells
Plant Cells
1. cell walls
2. central vacuoles
3. plastids
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Unique Features of Plant Cells
Cell Wall
• Rigid covering of the cell membrane
• provides support and protection
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Unique Features of Plant Cells
Parts of a Cell Wall
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Unique Features of Plant Cells
Central Vacuole
• stores water, enzymes, and waste products
• provides support for plant tissue
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Unique Features of Plant Cells
Plastids
• store starch and pigments
• Chloroplast
 converts light energy into chemical energy by
photosynthesis
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Chapter 4
Section 4 Unique Features
of Plant Cells
Chloroplasts
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Chapter 4
Section 4 Unique Features
of Plant Cells
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
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