Transcript ASSET tables

EUROPEAN COMMISSION
DIRECTORATE-GENERAL ENVIRONMENT
Directorate C - Quality of Life, Water & Air
ENV.C.1 - Water
Dra. Sandra G. García Galiano1,2
1Associate
Professor, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
2Visiting Associate Researcher, University of California, Irvine (UCI), CA, USA
ASSET’s Team
Duration= 15 months
• Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT)
http://www.upct.es
– Sandra García Galiano; Alain Baille; Francisco Alcón. More
researchers: J.A. Martínez Pérez, P. Olmos
• Confederación Hidrográfica del Segura (CHS)
http://www.chsegura.es
– Jaime Fraile Jiménez de Muñana; Ginés Toral
• FutureWater (FW) http://www.futurewater.es
– Johannes Hunink; Sergio Contreras
• SAMUI FR www.samuifrance.com
– Mark Morris; Estelle Morris
Main aim
to obtain, assess and
standardize detailed
information on the Segura
River basin (South East of
Spain), including the external
transfers in order to analyze
and demonstrate the
potential of management,
technological and economic
measures to decrease water
scarcity in this drought-prone
region.
Tool to be employed:
SEEA-W (System of
Economic and
Environmental Accounts
for Water),
complementing the EU
water resource balances
with local data, and
integrating the water
accounts with the
RBMP, demonstrating
their use for the local
planning.
Challenges and barriers
(i) How to identify and select the most relevant datasets to
characterize the water availability and demands of the basin?
(ii) Development of innovative methodologies to integrate
information, close and verify the water balances and increase the
accuracy
(iii) How to integrate water accounting in the river basin
management planning (RBMP), demonstrating the benefits of its
use in local planning?
(iv) Which is the potential of the measures (PoM), to reduce
water shortage in the basin and its vulnerability to drought ? and
(v) How to assess the hazard of the basin to climate change in the
framework of water accounting?
ASSET’s Work Plan
Data and knowledge gaps
Enhanced data for accounts
Task B.
Innovative procedures for Data Collection and Integration
Task D.
Identification of Measures for Optimizing Water Allocations
Task F.
Coordination and Management
Water accounts targets
Task A.
Develop Water Accounts for the Segura River Basin
Water account scenarios
Task C.
Dissemination and Communication
Task E.
Harmonizing RBMP and Water Accounts: Targeting and Uncertainty
Assessment under Future Changes
The implementation of the work plan is structured in four main WPs blocks:
• Development of water resources balances: Task A (A1 and A2), and Task B (B1)
• Testing solutions for gathering and integrating data (Tasks B2 and B3), and testing the
integration of water resources balance in the RBMP (Task E).
• Identification of management, technological and economic measures: Task D.
• Proposal and recommendations of targets: Task D Task E.
(i) How to identify and select the most relevant data for water
availability and demands?
Several time and spatial scales were Time period: 2000-2010
selected: monthly and annual scale;
spatial dessaggregation and whole
basin.
- for ASSET tables monthly scale,
spatial disaggregation  7 units
- for PSUTs tables  annual scale,
spatial disaggregation  7 units
- for Hybrid tables  annual scale,
whole basin.
6
Data Sources
• CHS is the main governmental organization responsible for water management in the SRB.
• CHS collects, manages and processes hydrological data from both own and external
networks (as well as raingauges)
• The data provided to UPCT and FW has been drawn from several existing databases,
producing manageable tables in order to deliver them to UPCT
DATA PROVIDED by CHS to UPCT
• Includes time series such as:
DATA SOURCES
• SIMPA
• SAIH (CHS, AEMET)
• ROEA
• ROP
• Own studies
OTHER DATA SOURCES
• LAND USE
• AGRICULTURE
• SOCIO-ECONOMIC
• REMOTE SENSING
•
FutureWater:
PSUT TABLES
+
UPCT:
ASSET TABLES
• Rainfall
• Temperatures
• Evapotranspiration
• Flow rates (natural/channels)
• Reservoir storage
• Water table levels
• Water springs discharges
As well as GIS datasets:
• SRB limits
• Hydrographic network
• Groundwater bodies
• Reservoirs
• Channels
• Wetlands & Protected Areas
• Aggregated Demand Units
• …etc
Time spam: 1940*-present
Basis: Daily & Monthly. *Depending on the dataset
(ii) Development of innovative methodologies to integrate
information, close and verify the water balance and increase the
accuracy
The time series and digital information was processed by spatial
databases below GIS–> specific spatio-temporal toolboxs were
developed.
DB
+
PostGIS
Reservoirs
Stream
gauges
Spatial DB
Water table
levels
+
R& LaTex
ASSET tables
8
A data model was produced
Four types of entities or tables were
distinguished:
- Geographic: it represent features using
point, line or polygon.
- Father (or parents) itself defines entities
- Category: represent qualities or
categories of entities.
- Serie: it stores historical records of
variable referring to an entity.
An automatic algorithm for integration of
alphanumeric and geographical data was
designed
Executing SQL queries
Data Model
Based on the database, the ASSET
tables were assessed for each
“spatial unit”” (7) in which the basin
was disaggregated
Elemental zones
ASSETs Table (VI.1)
Assets
Increases in stocks
Decreases in stocks
zero entries by
definition
ER.1311
EA. 1312
EA .1313
EA.132
EA.133
Artificial Reservoir
Lakes
River
GroundWater
Soil water
Table VI. 2
Remote sensing actual ET retrieval
MODIS EVI
Ground weather station:
Tmax, Tmin, Tmean
TºC
15-day composite
value
monthly EVI
IV-ETo methods calculate actual
evapotranpiration (ETa) based on
locally-measured
meteorological
conditions
through
reference
evapotranspiration (ETo):
ETa = ETo * f (IV )
ETo  C  Ra Tmax  Tmin 0.5 T  17.8 
monthly ET0
Validated with eddy
covariance measures
The algorithm proposed by Nagler et al. (2005)
and Guerschman et al. (2009),

f(IV) = a  (1  e (bEVI ) )  c
Monthly ET0-Hargreaves
modified method,
calibrated for the SRB
(Maestre et al., 2013)
monthly ETa

where: a, b and c are fitting coefficients derived from the
Beer-Lambert Law modified to predict absorption of light by a
canopy (Nagler et al., 2004).
Contribution to : Report number 34 Water Balance Guidance
mm day–1
based on Hargreaves equation
(HG, Hargreaves & Samani, 1985),
Completing the ASSET Tables: Identification of
elements that form the control and exploitation
Elements
system of basin
ZONE I
Spatial analysis
Artificial reservoir
River
Channel network
(artificial channel)
Hydrological Networks
Artificial reservoir
Manual stream gauges:
Stream gauges from
Automatic System of
Hydrological Information
(SAIH-SEGURA)
Manual stream gauges:
Stream gauges from SAIH
Topological
Scheme
Variable
•
•
•
•
Water volume
Volume of contributions
received
Volume of extractions
Evaporation volume
•
•
Flows  volume
Flows  volume
•
•
Flows  volume
Flows  volume
(iii) How to integrate water accounting in the river basin
management planning (RBMP), demonstrating the
benefits of its use in local planning?
- Integration of ASSET’s preliminary results
into the River Basin planning process
Jaime L. Fraile Jiménez de Muñana.
Jefe de Servicio. Oficina de Planificación Hidrológica.
Confederación Hidrográfica del Segura.
- Interactions between physical use and
supply of water (PSUTs) using the SEEAW
framework
Sergio Contreras. FutureWater
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
DIRECTORATE-GENERAL ENVIRONMENT
Directorate C - Quality of Life, Water & Air
ENV.C.1 - Water
PSUTs in the SEEAW framework
Groups of activities
ENERGY
IND
AGR
W-Sanitation
W-Supply
SERV
Households
PSUTs in the SEEAW framework
Sources of water
Soil water (SOIL) (green water)
Conventional sources (blue water)
Rivers and lakes (SWW)
Aquifers (GWW) (renewable vs non-renewable)
Interbasin transfers (TTS)
Unconventional sources
Desalinized seawater (DES)
Reclaimed waters (REC)
Barries and challenges – Implementation of PSUTs
Administrative & Institutional issues
SEEAW discrimates between
W-SUPPLY
W-SANITATION
High-level distribution
- River Basin Authorities
(Confederaciones)
- Other public management
institutions
(caption and distribution of surface
resources, potabilization treatment,
desalinization)
Low-level distribution
- Municipalities
- Private companies
- Mixed capital companies
Connected Treatment Plants
(Urban + Industrial effluents)
- public – well monitorized
Not-connected Treatment
Plants (Industrial effluents)
Results from the Segura pilot study
- Water Basin Authority
Confederación Hidrográfica del
Segura
(interbasin transfer manag.,
irrigation supply)
- Mancomunidad Canales del
Taibilla
(urban supply)
Results from the Segura pilot study
MCT – urban supply
Relative contribution of different
sources on the total pool
Severe drought !
CHS – irrigation supply /
interbasin transfer
management
End-use matrix and leakages
Use-Availability indicators
Availability indicators
Use indicators
Inbasin Renewable Freshwater
Green, Blue, Unconventional
Consumptive Use
External Renewable Freshwater
Non-renewable groundwater
abstraction
External Dependency Ratio
Total Water Consumption
Per capita freshwater availability
(m3/person)
1/water crowding indicator
Blue Water Exploitation Index (bWEI)
use-to-availability ratio
Density of freshwater availability
(hm3/km2)
Water Consumption Index
(WEI+)
Results from the Segura pilot basin
relative contribution (%)
~2.1 Mp
650
per
m3/yr
=
52
in.ren
18
17
13
in.nren
transfer
unconv.
Overall data agreement: Resources in Segura River
Basin management Plan (SRBMP)
Table from SRBMP
Evaporation and evapotranspiration
Table from SRBMP
8.5 % of own natural resources
Results from the Segura pilot basin: WEI+
WEI+ was 0.86 for 2000-2010
Impact of hydrological drought (2005-2008)
Exploitable Water Resources – Agr. Water Consump.: ↓ ~30%
Yield crops: ↓ 10 (fruit tress) - 45% (olive trees)
(iv) Which is the potential of the measures (PoM), to reduce water
shortage in the basin and its vulnerability to drought ?
Relevance of Task D: Program of Measures (PoM) of RBMP
Total Amount, PoM, 2015
Executed
To be implemented
1.882 M€
1.547 M€
335 M€
Most money-consuming investments in PoM
Water allocation
1.181 M€
Irrigation systems updating
261 M€
Sanitation and WTP’s
213 M€
62%
14%
11%
The CHS defined 1068 actions described in the Programme of Management
Measures (PoMs) of the Segura River Basin Management Plan (SRBMP).
Selection of PoM from RBMP
The Activity D is detailing the main PoMs identified and selected as the most
promising measures to be assessed in Task E.
The criteria for selection of measures for managing Water Scarcity and Droughts
(WS&D) was the following:
• Reduction/management of groundwater abstraction, particularly for aquifers with
qualitative and/or quantitative problems; Knowledge measures: training and
capacity building; enlargement and improvement of data acquisition networks
(quantity and quality); assessment of floods areas.
• Urban use: reduction of urban network losses; fostering the utilization of more
efficient appliances; re-use of urban wastewater for compatible uses (watering of
urban gardens, street cleaning, etc.)
• Surveillance measures: improvement of the Water Rights Register; increase the
number of devices for water abstraction control; water discharges better control
• Irrigation use: further modernization of irrigation districts; agricultural best practices
• Assessment and protection of environmental flows and environmental demands.
Selected Measures in ASSET from PoM
The selection procedure was driven by expert knowledge criteria taking into account
their relevance and potential for generating changes in the general water accounting
balance of the basin.
Summarizing, the measures selected for assessment, were grouped into three main
classes:
1. Agriculture. These include those measures focused on the expansion or creation of
new irrigated systems, and those ones for the efficiency improvements of irrigation
systems.
2. Desalinization. These actions consist of the construction of new treatment plants and
attached facilities for supplying additional water resources to irrigation and domestic
activities.
3. Urban use. It includes actions for the improvement of the low-level distribution
networks or to reallocate new water resources in municipalities not supplied with
waters from the MCT.
Work progress: SRBMP
1. Initial Documents
Program, work schedule, general study of the district,
means of consultation.
Consultation period: 24-May-2013 / 24-Nov-2013
2. Schema of Important Issues (SII)
Consultation period: 30-Dic-2013 / 30-Jun-2014
3. Draft version of the suggested SRBMP project
Consultation period started: 30-Dic-2014
To be completed: 30th of June, 2015
https://www.chsegura.es/chs/planificacionydma/planificacion15-21/
Climate Change Issues
(v) Water accounting to assess the hazard of the basin to climate
change
Climate variability and change present deep impacts over both
human socioeconomic activities and ecosystems. More severe and
frequent hydro-meteorological extreme events suggest that several
hydrological variables are reaching critical thresholds, responsible for
sudden and negative impacts rather than a gradual change.
The objective is to asses the plausible trends of climate change impacts on
extreme drought events, as well as seasonal and annual rainfall, for the
scenario 2050.
Datasets
Information provided by Regional Climate Models (RCM) from EU ENSEMBLES
Project (Christensen et al., 2009).
Name
Spain 02/v2.1
C4IRCA3
CNRM/RM5.1
DMI/HIRHAM5
DMI/HIRHAM5
DMI/HIRHAM5
ETHZ/CLM
METO_HC/HadRM3Q0
ICTP/REGCM3
KNMI/RACMO2
METNOHIRHAM
METNOHIRHAM
MPI-M/REMO
OURANOSMRCC4.2.1
SMHIRCA
SMHIRCA
SMHIRCA
UCLM/PROMES
Institute
UC a
C4I b
CNRM c
DMId
DMI
DMI
ETHZe
HCf
ICTPg
KNMIh
METNOi
METNO
MPIj
OURANOSk
SMHI l
SMHI
SMHI
UCLMm
GCM
Observed data
HadCM3Q16
ARPEGE_RM5.1
ARPEGE
ECHAM5-r3
BCM
HadCM3Q0
HadCM3Q0
ECHAM5-r3
ECHAM5-r3
BCM
HadCM3Q0
ECHAM5-r3
CGCM3
BCM
ECHAM5-r3
HadCM3Q3
HadCM3Q0
Escenario
RCM
A1B
A1B
A1B
A1B
A1B
A1B
A1B
A1B
A1B
A1B
A1B
A1B
A1B
A1B
A1B
A1B
A1B
RCA3
Aladin
HIRHAM
DMI-HIRHAM5
DMI-HIRHAM5
CLM
HadRM3Q0
RegCM
RACMO
HIRHAM
HIRHAM
REMO
CRCM
RCA
RCA
RCA
PROMES
Resolution
25Km
25km
25km
25km
25km
25km
25km
25km
25km
25km
25km
25km
25km
25km
25km
25km
25km
25km
The observed variables (daily rainfall), will correspond to Spain02 dataset (Herrera et
al.,2010)
Extreme droughts
Spatial distributions of mean PDF ensemble of annual maximum dry spell lengths (AMDSL)
of daily rainfall.
The map for 1990 presents an increasing gradient towards the South, with
maximum values of mean AMDSL in the Southeast of the Spanish territory. Similar
spatial distribution is presented for 2050, but with higher values in the South of
Spain.
Significant plausible increases in the mean value of AMDSL for horizon 2050, are
expected for the Segura River Basin.
Results of annual rainfall (mm)
1961- 1990
1983- 2012
2021- 2050
Difference 2050-1990 (%)
2021- 2050
Difference 2050-2012 (%)
The rainfall decrease could reach the 30 % in the Segura river upbasin.
Conclusion in relation with climate change impacts
• The frequency and intensity of droughts will likely increase in the
Mediterranean, and in many mid-latitude mean precipitation will likely decrease.
In this context, our study aimed to assess the impact of climate changes on
the rainfall and extreme droughts (and indirectly on runoff), in the Segura
River basin
In summary, the River Basin Authority (such as CHS) can considerate the
proposed methodologies on climate change impacts study, with the
following objectives:
• To improve the knowledge about spatial distribution of future scenarios of
rainfall and droughts, based on multimodel ensemble, considering the
results as input to the hydrological planning process for taking decisions
according the more vulnerable areas.
• To force hydrological impact models to increase the reliability of runoff
projections. More robust results could be considered in the hydrological
planning process, in order to propose a Programme of Measures (PoM).
• To reduce the uncertainties involved the in the modeling chain, from
Global Climate Models (GCMs) to RCMs, and to hydrological model..
Main inputs to RBMP (River Basin Management Plans)
In summary, the River Basin Authority (such as CHS) can introduce the developed
methodology in relation with AET retrieval from remote sensing for improving:
• the estimation of runoff and other water cycle variables, by forcing the hydrological
models with this information. The results are inputs to the hydrological planning
process.
• the assessment of water needs of crops, by consideration the spatial distribution of
AET, and optimizing the rational use of water.
• the water accounting process by introduction of cutting edge methodologies and
tools developed in the ASSET project.
.
The spatio-temporal analysis of WEI+ based on SEEAW framework results give to
the River Basin Authority (such as CHS):
• a general picture of the water usage and allocation patterns in a basin;
• a quantitative mean to evaluate and compare the water footprint and sustainability
trajectories of different economic systems; but also
• a useful tool to identify opportunities for improving water management and
reducing leakages or misused resources.
Has the CHS expressed interest in integrating water accounts methodologies
and ASSET´s results in future River Basin Management Plans?
The methodologies and results of ASSET project, some of them in process of
publishing, could be easily implemented in future River Basin Management Plan
(RBMP) cycles, by specific agreement contracts.
Several benefits from the proposed methods, are the following:
- improving the knowledge of spatial distribution of climate change impacts on
variables considered in the hydrological planning process, such as rainfall, droughts,
evapotranspiration, and runoff time series.
- reducing the uncertainties involved the in the modeling chain, from climate models to
hydrological models, and in consequence the taking decision process will be based on
more reliable results.
- improving the whole process of water accounting, introducing cutting edge
technologies and methods (AET remote sensing retrieval, spatio-temporal WEI+
estimation, among others), and specific indicators (WEI+)
Dissemination and Communication Activities
Published paper in JCR journal:
García Galiano, S.G., Olmos Giménez, P.,
Giraldo-Osorio,
J.D.,
2015.
Assessing
nonstationary spatial patterns of extreme
droughts from long-term high-resolution
observational dataset on a semiarid basin
(Spain). Water, 7(10): 5458-5473.
Website: www.assetwater.eu/
Organization of several International
Meetings and Workshops:
- Kick-off meeting; Annual Meeting; - Coordination Meetings; International Meeting
Others publications are in process of reviewing:
- Identifying a robust method to build RCMs ensemble as climate forcing for hydrological impact models.
P. Olmos Gimenez, S.G. García Galiano, and J.D. Giraldo Osorio. Atmospheric Research. Status: On
reviewing.
- Improving hydroclimatic projections in a semiarid basin from hydrological model driven by RCMs novel
ensemble approach. P. Olmos Gimenez, S.G. García Galiano, and J.D. Giraldo Osorio. Status: On
reviewing.
www.assetwater.eu/
Thanks for your
attention !
Sandra G. García Galiano
Sandra. [email protected]
www.assetwater.eu/
Results from the Segura trial
Per-capita Water Use (m3/p·yr)
Use-to-availability ratio
Apparent water scarcity
Real water shortage
Segura River Basin
Use-to-availability ratio:
112 %
Per-capita Water Use:
650 m3/p·yr
Water crodwing:
1866 p/hm3
Water crodwing (p/hm3)
Use-Availability indicators
Per-capita Water Use (m3/p·yr)
Use-to-availability ratio
1000. Millions of persons
affected by
Water crodwing (p/hm3)
Falkenmark et al., 2007. SIWI Policy Brief.
Improvements accounted in ASSET
- Satellite-based approach for soil (green) water estimation
- Adoption of regional and national (ESYRCE database) yearly statistics on crop
acreage.
- Explicit inclusion of interflows between W-supply and the rest of economy in
use/supply tables
- Explicit inclusion of renewable vs non-renewable groundwater abstraction
- Use of Sankey diagrams
Roadmap
► More accuracy on Groundwater Abstraction interannual dynamics (renewable vs nonrenewable exploitation)
► Include environmental requirements and ecosystem services into SEEAW
► Improve quantification of blue/green water contributions on actual water consumption
of agriculture