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COP21 and implications for
Agriculture
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Richard Eckard
The University of Melbourne &
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Agriculture Victoria
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The Primary Industries Climate Challenges Centre (PICCC) is a joint venture between the University of
Melbourne and the Victorian Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources
COP21 Paris Agreement
• Article 2a
– Limit global warming to well below 2 ⁰C,
– To pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase
to 1.5 ⁰C above pre-industrial levels
• INDCs are insufficient to meet the goal
COP21 Paris Agreement
• Article 4
– Peak GHG emissions as soon as possible
– To achieve net zero emissions from 2050
• Any remainder GHG emissions in the second half of the
century need to be balanced
COP21 Paris Agreement
Implications for agriculture
• Annex (introduction)
– Recognizing the fundamental priority of
safeguarding food security and ending hunger,
and the particular vulnerabilities of food
production systems to the adverse impacts of
climate change
– A 1.5⁰C rise in temperature will require systems
and transformation adaptation
• Incremental adaptation will not suffice.
COP21 Paris Agreement
Implications for agriculture
• 160 INDCs submitted prior to COP21
– 80% include mitigation targets and
– 64% in include adaptation strategies for the
agricultural sector specifically
• Protection of food security is a core objective
of the UNFCCC
• There will be a significant global focus on
– Mitigation of agricultural emissions
– Adaptation of agricultural production
COP21 Paris Agreement
Implications for agriculture
• Article 2b
– Increasing the ability to adapt to … climate change
and foster climate resilience and low GHG emissions
development, in a manner that does not threaten
food production
• A 1.5⁰C rise in temperature means agriculture in Victoria will
not look the same as today
• Article 5
– Take action to conserve and enhance, as appropriate,
sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases
• A 1.5⁰C rise in temperature means soil carbon will decline
COP21 Paris Agreement
Implications for agriculture
• Side event at COP21
– “Tackling short-lived climate pollutants (SLCP) to
raise ambition”
• Methane has a GWP = 86 x CO2 on a 20 year basis
• Methane has a 12 year lifetime = SLCP
– Livestock methane will remain a key focus
• Particularly as CO2 emitted today will still have an effect
in 100 years time
COP21 Paris Agreement
Implications for Agriculture
• Article 7
– Enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening
resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate
change
• Assisting developing countries and building their
capacity
• Formulate and implement national adaptation plans
COP21 Paris Agreement
• Article 9
– Developed country Parties shall provide financial
resources to assist developing country Parties with
respect to both mitigation and adaptation in
continuation of their existing obligations under the
Convention.
• Article 10
– The Technology Mechanism
• Fully realizing technology development and transfer
• Article 11
– Capacity-building under this Agreement should
enhance the capacity and ability of developing
country
COP21 Paris Agreement
• Articles 9, 10 & 11
– Green Climate fund & Special Climate Change
Fund ($US100 B/y from 2020)
• Focused on R&D in developing countries
• Technology, education and capacity building
– We need to look to form partnerships with
Developing countries, especially Lesser Developed
Countries
• Transfer expertise & co-fund R&D
COP21 Paris Agreement
• Article 13
– Transparency and reporting
• National inventories
COP21 Paris Agreement
• Article 21
– This Agreement shall enter into force on the 30th
day after the date on which at least 55 Parties to
the Convention accounting in total for at least an
estimated 55 % of the total global greenhouse gas
emissions have deposited their instruments of
ratification, acceptance, approval or accession
The Paris climate agreement at a glance" —
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https://theconversation.com/the-paris-climateagreement-at-a-glance-50465
Master title style
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subtitle style
The Primary Industries Climate Challenges Centre (PICCC) is a joint venture between the University of
Melbourne and the Victorian Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources