Transcript Compliance with and Enforcement Air Pollution Reduction Rules of

Sustainable Cities
through Environmental
Compliance and
Enforcement
Kenneth Markowitz
19 October 2015
Without
Compliance,
Rules Will Not
Work
Population of
Latin America
living in cities
and towns
80% in
2015
90% by
2050
 Providing safe water and sanitation
 Managing fresh water safely, efficiently, and equitably
 Controlling air pollution
Biggest
Environmental
Challenges in
Latin American
Cities
 Land use change and deforestation account for a fifth (21%) of all
greenhouse gas emissions in the region, compared with around
5% for the planet overall (CEPAL)
 Region accounts for 12% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions
 Lack of institutional management and capacity to implement and
enforce them has constrained their effectiveness
 Vulnerability to climate change. Adaptation and resilience is
critical.
 100 million people in the LAC region are exposed to pollution
levels that exceed recommended limits.
 Meanwhile, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
estimated that air pollution in urban areas is the cause of at least
35,000 premature deaths annually.
Air Quality
 Acute respiratory infections are one of the five leading causes of
death in children under the age of five in the Region of the
Americas and the Caribbean.
 Reduction in public health costs through improved air quality
could achieve savings of between 2 and 6 billion dollars a year.
 Most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have already
established official air quality standards to protect health but
more work is needed.
Under the Compact, cities are:
Compact of
Mayors on
Climate
Leadership
+40 LA cities
participating
 Increasing their visibility as leaders responding to climate change;
 Demonstrating their commitment to an ambitious global climate
solution, particularly as nations convene around a new climate
agreement in Paris in December 2015;
 Encouraging direct public and private sector investments in cities
by meeting transparent standards that are similar to those
followed by national governments;
 Building a consistent and robust body of data on the impact of city
action; and
 Accelerating more ambitious, collaborative, and sustainable local
climate action.
Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe,
resilient and sustainable.
2030
Sustainable
Development
Goals
Goal 11
 Ensuring access to adequate, safe and affordable housing
 Providing access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable
transport systems for all
 Significantly reducing the number of deaths and the number of
people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic
losses caused by disasters
 Reducing the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities,
including by paying special attention to air quality and waste
management
 Providing universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green
and public spaces
 Supporting least developed countries, including through financial
and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient
buildings utilizing local materials
Foundations of
Sustainability
1.
Environmental laws should be clear, even-handed,
implementable, and enforceable
2.
Environmental information should be collected, assessed, and
disclosed to the public.
3.
Stakeholders should be afforded an opportunity to participate
in environmental decisionmaking.
4.
Environmental decisionmakers, both public and private, should
be accountable for their decisions.
Foundations of
Sustainability
5.
Roles and lines of authority for environmental protection should
be clear and coordinated
6.
Affected stakeholders should have access to environmental
dispute resolution mechanisms that are fair and responsive.
7.
Public integrity in environmental program delivery is essential
to achieving environmental protection.
 Technical assistance for capacity building to government entities,
the private sector, and civil society in Honduras to promote
compliance with environmental laws through improved
implementation and enforcement
INECE
Technical
Assistance
Project in
Honduras
 Training on environmental compliance, implementation and legal
aspects of integrated solid waste management
 Audience: government authorities at both the central and local level
with responsibility for solid waste management and oversight
 Topics include: Legally enforceable measures to ensure safe
maintenance, record-keeping and reporting for landfill sites,
management of open dumps containing municipal solid waste
 Incorporates best practices, existing guidelines, and regulations
 Replicable training through train-the-trainers
Ken Markowitz
Contact
Managing Director, INECE Secretariat
+1.202.338.1300
[email protected]
http://www.inece.org