Transcript Physical Geography of Europe, Canada, Latin America, & Australia

PLOWING through
the GEOGRAPHY of Europe, Canada, Latin
America, and Australia
Political Geography of Europe, Canada, Latin America, & Australia
LABEL THE FOLLOWING COUNTRIES ON THE MAPS
Belgium
Italy
Spain
France
Poland
Ukraine
Germany
Russia
United Kingdom
Australia
Physical Geography of Europe, Canada, Latin America, & Australia
Land Features
Canadian Shield
European Plain
Iberian Peninsula
Scandinavian Peninsula
Ayers Rock
Deserts
Atacama
Great Victoria
Mountains
Andes
Sierra Madre
Rocky
Pyrenees
Ural
Alps
Rivers/Lakes
Amazon
St. Lawrence
Danube
Rhine
Great Lakes
Salt Water
Caribbean
Gulf of Mexico
Hudson Bay
Mediterranean Sea
Coral Sea
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Other Water
Panama Canal
English Channel
Great Barrier Reef
Impact of Location, Climate & Natural Resources on Population Distribution (where people
live and how they trade/economy)
LATIN AMERICA
Mexico
Venezuela
Seven major seaports help along Pacific,
Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico
U.S. is largest trading partner.
Most people live in central part of country,
where there is arable farmland and large
manufacturing centers. 75 % of population
lives in cites.
Major exports: oil, manufactured goods,
crops, tourism
Four major seaports on Caribbean Sea and
Atlantic Ocean
Many trading partners around the world.
Most people live in northern highlands, along
the coast, 88% of population lives in cities, not
much arable farmland
Major exports: oil (90% of exports!), steel,
agricultural products, tourism
Brazil
Cuba
Seven major seaports along Atlantic coast
U.S. is largest trading partner.
Most people live in along the coast, 84%
live in cities. Largest country in Latin
America
Major exports: transportation equipment,
iron ore, soybeans, coffee, manufactured
goods, tourism
Three major seaports on Gulf of Mexico and
Atlantic Ocean
Venezuela is largest trading partner.
Largest island in West Indies. Most people live
in cities: 20% live in Havana, the capital city.
Major exports: sugar, nickel, tobacco, fish,
citrus, coffee, tourism
CANADA
Most people live in the southern part of Canada because the arctic climate in the north is a
serious obstacle to development. Canada has a wealth of natural resources, and is the US’s
largest foreign supplier of energy. Canada’s strategic location in North America, with access to
three major bodies of water, allows for easier movement of goods and services between other
countries.
One strong influence on the agricultural industry in Canada is the climate. Canada will always
rely on other countries to meet its agricultural needs.
EUROPE
United Kingdom
Russia
Location: Islands bordered by North Sea and
Atlantic Ocean makes UK a trading hub.
Climate: Mild climate good for farming,
warmed by Gulf Stream, 25% of land is arable
Natural Resources: Deposits of coal,
petroleum, natural gas and iron ore form
backbone of manufacturing industry
Location: Large country spanning two
continents. European side is landlocked.
Climate: Two seasons: winter and summer.
Most ports on Arctic ocean are blocked by
ice. Cold climate makes it hard for Russians
to trade and use their natural resources.
Natural Resources: forests, mineral
deposits, hydroelectric power (Volga River)
Germany
Italy
Location: In north-central Europe, on the
European Plain. Rhine River is very important
for trade. Many cities are found along the
Rhine. Most densely populated country in
Europe.
Climate: Mild winters and cool summers in
the West, cold winters and hot summers in the
East
Natural Resources: minerals, timber, arable
land, steel
Location: Peninsula in Southern Europe,
surrounded by Mediterranean Sea, with 12+
major seaports. Separated from mainland
Europe by the Alps. Most people live in
northern Italy
Climate: Coastal regions have mild winters
and dry summers, mountainous regions have
cold, wet winters and subtropical summers
Natural Resources: minerals, marble, fish,
arable land
AUSTRALIA
Most Australians live along the coastline. Much of the country’s interior is barren and unsuitable
for farming; however, many mineral lie beneath the surface. Australia exports more coal and iron
ore than any other country.
China is Australia’s largest neighbor, and its major trading partner. Australia exports many
natural resources to China, and imports affordable finished goods like cars and dishwashers.
Australia’s remote location makes travel to and from the island difficult. Foreign tourists only
account for about ¼ of the tourist industry.
Environmental Issues of Europe, Canada, Latin America, & Australia
We have studied many environmental issues this year including, acid rain, air pollution, deforestation, resource extraction, oil
pollution and the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl.
Air Pollution and Acid Rain
What causes acid rain?
What causes air pollution?
Air pollution mixes with rain
Auto and factory emissions
Issues associated with air pollution
include…
Poor air quality
Breathing problems and lung cancer,
Hazy, polluted skies filled with smog
make it hard to see
Can lead to acid rain
Issues associated with acid rain include…
damage to vegetation and aquatic
(water) life,
contamination of drinking water,
damage to physical structures such as
buildings and monuments.
Which countries we have studied are
experiencing air pollution?
Mexico & the UK
Which countries we have studied are
experiencing acid rain?
Canada & Germany
What is important to remember about this
environmental issue?
Reducing use of fossil fuels can help
solve the problem of air pollution. Air
pollution in one country can easily affect
neighboring countries.
What is important to remember about this
environmental issue?
sulfur deposits from Germany have
become a problem to neighboring
countries when they are carried through
the air causing acid rain in those
countries as well
Nuclear Disaster / Radioactivity
Where did this happen?
Chernobyl, Ukraine
What happened at Chernobyl?
In 1986, the nuclear reactor at Chernobyl power plant exploded. Tons of radioactive
material poisoned the air and water around the plant, and entered the air, traveling to
neighboring countries. The area was unsafe for years.
What is important to remember about this environmental issue?
Radioactive pollution was not contained to the Ukraine.
Depletion of Natural Resources
Deforestation – Clear-cutting is when all the trees are removed from a large area of
forest
Which countries we have studied are experiencing deforestation?
Canada (timber industry) & Brazil (Amazon Rainforest)
What is important to remember about this environmental issue?
Clear-cutting leads to reduced water quality, erosion, and loss of habitat
The logging industry is the major cause of deforestation in Canada
The Amazon Rainforest is home to many species that can’t be found anywhere else
in the world.
Resources extraction – vast mineral deposits (especially gold, silver, copper, zinc) are
found under the rocky soil of the Canadian Shield
Which countries we have studied are experiencing resource extraction?
Canada specifically on the Canadian Shield
What is important to remember about this environmental issue?
Pollution related to mining impact the Canadian cities to the south
Mining processes release sulfur dioxide, producing acid rain
Lands around mines are damaged
Chemicals are dumped into surrounding rivers and lakes
Water Pollution
Oil Pollution
What causes oil pollution?
How does water pollution happen?
Oil spills along coast
Factories use lakes as a dumping ground
Which countries we have studied are
experiencing water pollution?
Canada – Great Lakes
Which countries we have studied are
experiencing oil pollution?
Venezuela
What is important to remember about this
environmental issue?
Canada and US must work together to
fight the pollution of the Great Lakes.
Both countries are responsible for the
problem, and will benefit from clean
water.
What is important to remember about this
environmental issue?
Oil pollution hurts fishing industry on
coast, release of carbon dioxide leads to
air pollution, removal of oil from ground
changes landscape
Culture of Europe, Canada, Latin America, & Australia
?
EUROPE
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Holy Book
Torah
Bible
Koran (Qur’an)
Founder
Abraham
Jesus (deciples)
Muhammad
When?
About 2000 BC
About 30 AD
About 610 AD
Number of Gods
monotheistic
monotheistic
monotheistic
Beliefs
Laws one God and
words of his
prophets: actions
and following laws
are important
Teachings of Jesus:
love of God and
neighbor, regard for
justice
Five Pillars: prayer,
charity, belief in
Allah, fasting,
pilgrimage to
Mecca
Number of
Followers
15 million
2.1 billion
1.3 billion
Major Sects
Orthodox,
Conservative,
Reform
Eastern Orthodox,
Roman Catholic,
Protestant
Sunni
Shiite
Diversity of Language
Europe is home to more than 200 native languages. Most languages fall into three
main categories: Germanic (English and German), Romance (Italian, French) and
Slavic (Russian). Having so many languages can be a problem. It is difficult to live,
work, and trade with people who cannot communicate with each other. Europeans
have worked hard to solve this problem. The EU has 23 “official” languages to make
sure people can understand laws and decisions made by the government.
CANADA
The Europeans who settled Canada came mainly from Great Britain and France.
When the settlers came to the New World, they brought their languages and religions
with them. Today, Canada is a bilingual nation: its two official languages are French
and English. Canada’s religion is also a result of its history. Christianity (both
Catholic and Protestant) is the major religion in Canada.
Culture of Europe, Canada, Latin America, & Australia
LATIN AMERICA
Latin America is ethnically diverse because of a blending of indigenous Americans,
Europeans and Africans. Members of these three groups have intermarried and
developed unique cultures over time. This blending of cultures is evident in the
languages, religions and arts of Latin America. For example, elements of African and
Catholic religious practices can be seen in the Caribbean religions of voodoo,
Santeria, and Shango.
The term “Latin America” was first used in the 1800s to describe the countries of
Central and South America and the Caribbean that speak mostly languages based on
the ancient language of Latin (mainly Spanish and Portuguese). As the Portuguese
and Spanish conquered lands in Latin America, they often usurped the native
language and religion of the region. Because Spain conquered large parts of central
and South America, Spanish is still the predominant language spoken in Latin
America. Brazil, however, was Portugal’s South American prize. As a result,
Portuguese is the official language of Brazil.
The Spanish and Portuguese spread their culture and religion across the region and
developed communities that were similar to their home countries. The official
religion of both Spain and Portugal was Roman Catholic, and it is still the most
common religion in Latin America today.
AUSTRALIA
Australia’s official language is a result of British colonization and expansion. British
prisoners and their guards first brought the English language to Australia in the
1700s. As settlers spread across the continent over the next 100 years, they spread the
English language with them. Today, English is the most common language in
Australia.
Europeans introduced Christianity to Australia in 1788. Irish convicts were mostly
Roman Catholic. Other convicts and their guards were Anglicans and Methodists.
Today, most Australians are Christian, with the Roman Catholic and Anglican
churches claiming the most members.
The word aborigines means “the people who were here from the beginning.” The
Aborigines arrived in Australia over 40,000 years ago from SE Asia. They had no
written language, and relied on songs and stories to pass their history and culture
from one generation to the next.