Transcript The_Effects_of_Clima..

The effects of climate change
on environment and cultures
one step backward, two steps forward
Presented by: almomani mazen
Natural
causes
Human
activities
Climate change
Factors that affect climate change
Past climate change
(natural activities)
Climate on earth has changed on all time scales including long time before even
the emergence of human.
Global climate is determined by the radiation balance of the planet, three
fundamental ways could change the earth’s radiation balance which causing
climate change:Changing the incoming solar radiation (e.g., by changes in the earth’s orbit or
in the sun itself).
Changing in the fraction of solar radiation that is reflected (e.g., changes in
cloud cover).
Altering the long-wave energy radiated back to space (e.g., by changes in
greenhouse gas concentration.
Local climate also depends on how heat is distributed by winds and ocean currents, all of
these factors have played a significant role in past climate changes.
The natural disasters ( volcanic activities , earthquakes, ecc.)
 Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) also plays an important role in the ice ages, Antarctic ice
core data show that CO₂ concentration is low in the cold glacial times (~190 ppm), while it was
higher in the warm interglacial times (~280 ppm).
Human activities
This which due to the present industrial revolution.
•The mass use of energy, burning of fossil fuels, deforestation,
and other activities that increase output gases.
Current climate change
The sustained rate of increase over the past century in the combined radiative forcing
from three well mixed green house gases:•Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
•Methane (CH₄)
•Nitros oxide (N₂O).
 it is very likely that the average rates of increase in (CO₂), as well as in the combined
radiative forcing from CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O concentration have been at least five times
faster over the period from 19 6 9- 1 999 than over any 4 0 year period during the
past two millennia prior to the industrial era.
The present atmospheric concentrations of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O are higher than ever
measured in the ice core record for the past 6 5 0 kya .
Current results of climate change
•The North Pole ice cap is melting and global sea levels is risen which
means globally climate change is already occurred.
•Ice is melting in the entire world.
•There is a significant increase in the frequency and severity of natural
disasters such as hurricanes, droughts, earthquakes and floods.
•Climate change can alter health and agriculture via changes in
precipitation patterns, water/ice/vapor balance, sea level, water quality.
Cultural change
Climate change
Environmental
change
Climate change
Environmental
change
Coastal impacts
Forest impacts
Agricultural
impacts
Geographical
impacts
Water
resources
impacts
Change in
natural habitat
animals
Fundamental environmental changes due
to climate change
plants
Climate change effects on environment
Environmental change is the prime determinant of alteration
in the gene pool of organic populations. Environmental
change may widely vary in form but its ultimate cause is
change in the earth’s climate.
For this reason environmental change could be one of the
fundamental factors that controlled past human evolution.
Past human footprint
Climate models have demonstrated an obvious link between
forests and climate change. A change in climate may affect
the stability of forest ecosystems. Equally, loss of forest
ecosystems can influence climate through complex feedbacks.
explanation
A long term climatic change in a geographical region directly affects every
single living organism within that region; in addition, every organism will
be indirectly affected by the change in every other organism that the
change in climate causes. (e.g., a steady lowering of rainfall of rain fall in
a particular region will change the vegetation from plants adapted to a
relatively high rainfall to plants adapted to a relatively low rainfall. Such a
change will immediately affect all the herbivorous animals, which may be
unable to find enough of their usual food plants. If they survive, such
animals will have slowly adapted their behavior and digestive processes
to the new food plants that become dominant. In turn, their carnivorous
predators will also be affected.
•Changes in natural habitats will result in the loss of
plant and animal species.
•Most of the species will tend to immigrate in order
to sustain their lives and most of them will change
their stopover points (e.g., bird immigration over
continents). The same is for marine and terrestrial
species.
•If the sea levels continue to rise then the coastal shores
will be covered and the river delta areas will be flooded.
This results in changing geographical reliefs too.
•Threats to coral reefs constitute one of the earliest and
clearest marine ecosystem impacts of global climate
change. Coral reefs are in danger worldwide from
warming-induced bleaching and multiple emerging
diseases.
•It will be less valuable as coastal protection.
•Less valuable as recreational and tourism sites.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
•The geographic distribution and activity of insects
are exquisitely sensitive to temperature changes.
•Microbes and other living organisms tend to
increase their numbers exponentially; their
population levels reflecting environmental conditions
and resource constraints. Historically, periods of social
and environmental transition have been accompanied
by waves of epidemics spanning multiple continents.
Climate change effect on human life
As well as the climate affect on the environment it is also
affect the human life, and human substantial pattern, which
results in fundamental change in his own culture.
Indigenous and traditional peoples’ degree of vulnerability
is expected to be seriously influenced by land use and land
cover change. Land cover change caused by climate change
could force them to adapt to new circumstances and alter
their traditional ecosystem management systems .
in some places climate change impacts may overstrain
indigenous and traditional peoples’ capacity to adapt and
eventually lead to a loss of their traditional habitats and along
with it their cultural heritage.
•Human from even prehistoric times has been acting
regarding his primary needs.
•Mostly, human was moving when he feels unsecure due to
natural changes, looking for new food places, looking for raw
materials, and rarely moving because he is curious and want
to know more, which means that human settlement or
migration belongs to the supply of his primary needs.
•as a reconstruction of the past, human will try to escape from the unsecure areas
like coasts to more secure one. Which means a grand transformation of his cultural,
social background.
•People who depend on agriculture or looking for food from animals will face more
difficulties in order to sustain their life which will result in economic and social
change.
•climate change is expected to influence societies and economies dependent upon
Forestry .Climate change may well affect the development of such developing
economies .
Human evolution regarding
his substantial pattern
•Population nowadays is very high regarding past times, which indicates more
social, economic, and physical changes in human culture, maybe, human
could adapt many changes physically, but maybe he will not be able to
manage the social and economic changes.
Upcoming changes
•Poverty and inequality
•Health and nutrition
•Marginalization: Deprivation from power,
information and technology
•Diversified livelihoods
•Land tenure and access rights
•Land use and land cover change
•Availability of biological diversity
The solution is in our
hand but we must
work together hand
by hand to attain our
goal and save the
world
Thank you
for listening