Transcript CO 2 -free power plants

Our future of Clean Coal: CO2-free power plants
Wolfgang Dirschauer
Vattenfall Europe
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CO2-emissions – a global perspective
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The reality of electricity generation
Contribution of primary energy to global electricity production 2004
nuclear
15,7 %
hydro
16,1 %
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others
2,1%
fossil
fuels
66,1%
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Our goal
 Develop a reliable and profitable coal-based electricity and heat
generation while complying to ambitious and long-term global
climate targets
 Twin tactics: Efficiency and Clean Coal / CSS
 „As soon as legally, technologically and economically feasable,
all our plants will be carbon-free and climate-neutral. That means
we will build new plants carbon-free and retrofit or close down
old plants “ (Dr. Klaus Rauscher, CEO Vattenfall Europe, FAZ 21.03.2007)
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Why Carbon Capture and Storage - CCS ?
 The world – especially the growing economies of the newly
industrializing countries - will not stop using fossil fuels
 Coal is the one fossil fuel which combines the greatest potential
with the strategic optimum
 Coal may face a renaissance as the „fuel of choice“ of global
industrialization, non-power business will grow
 Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is the only technology with
the potential to significantly reduce CO2-emissions while still
using fossil fuels, especially coal
 CCS is therefore a key technology for developing a climatefriendly energy system based on the realities of fossil fuel
potentials
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Fuel – generation - storage – the abstract
 CO2 is captured either pre or post
combustion within the power plant
 CO2 is purified, compressed, transported
and stored in deep poriferous rock
formations (gas and oil fields, saline
aquifers)
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Possibilities for storage and usage
Storage:
• Saline Aquifers
• Depleted gas and oil fields
Usage:
• Enhanced Gas/Oil Recovery
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CCS – the three links of the chain
Capture
• Development of
technological
concepts
• Cost-reduction
Transport
• Transfer of known
concepts
• Development of
infrastructure
• Verification and testruns
Storage
• Test the concepts
• Determine the
potentials and
accessability
• Analysing
environmental risks
• Creating trust
• Develop the legal
framework
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Efficiency and CCS – partners, not rivals
 The expected net-efficiency for coal-fired power plants is 50-53 %
in 2020
 CCS is being developed on a parallel timeframe
 More efficiency in power plants is needed to compensate for the
systemic energy loss in the CCS-chain
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Comparison of CCS Technologies
source: European Platform for Zero Emission Power Plants - ZEP
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Post-combustion
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Pre-combustion (IGCC)
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O2/CO2 combustion - Oxyfuel
process
steam
condensate
economiser
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Why Oxyfuel Technology ?
Our reasons for Oxyfuel:
• Power plant process with high
efficiency potential
• Highest capability in CO2separation
• Comparable to conventional
water-steam power plant
processes
• High availability
• robust estimates for upfront
investment and operational costs,
based on conventional power
plants
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The roadmap to our future CO2-free power plant
2004
2008
2015
Test-Installation
Pilot-Plant
0,5 MWth
30 MWth
300-600 MWth
• Integration of
components
• Optimise the
efficiency
• Confirm science
and tech base
• Optimise the
installation
• Integrate into
transport and
storage system
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Commercial
Power Plant
Demo-Plant
• Testing of
components
• Validate the ccs
technology chain
2020
>1.000 MWth
• Competitive
electricity
generation costs
„Schwarze Pumpe“ – the actual site
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Our Oxyfuel Pilot Plant
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The model (view from south/east )
ESP
Boiler house
FGD
Cooling
towers
FGC
ASU
Switchgear
building
CO2-plant
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The actual building site (status: 13th of august 2007)
Steel boiler
structure
Coolingwater pump
Cooling tower
Foundations
for ESP,
Stack,
FGD,
FGCond.
Switchgear
building
CO2 plant
Air separation
unit (ASU)
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The crucial question: the price of climate policy
Our target:
20 € t/CO2
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The risks
 The cost of developing and implementing new technologies
 The future of ETS as a global instrument
 The timely development of a global post-2012 climate regime
 Legal und regulatory framework
 Public opinion („double-phase-out hysteria“)
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Thank you for your attention !
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Key Messages
• Vattenfall is determined to be a CCS frontrunner. CCS will be our best practice for fossil
fuel fired power plants asap.
• CCS is crucial for fossil-fuel dependant developing countries and the growing
economies of China and India. This is all the more important considering the potential
for coal in industrial processes, especially coal-to-liquid.
• There is no silver bullet to master the climate change challenge. But no scenario short of
a climate world government (or dictatorship) comes up with a world energy system NOT
extensively using coal (and gas/oil). Efficiency gains are indispensible, but also
insufficient to make up for the growing energy needs of a growing world populace and
world economy. CCS is a necessary part of a mix of instruments. It can serve as a
crucial transitory technology to bridge the gap to a renewables-based energy system. It
might also be a bridge to future technologies enabling us to make use of the CO2.
• A scenario with ambitious and strict emissions restrictions but without CCS could
seriously endanger Germany’s energy security and international competitiveness.
Depending on the nuclear energy issue and the market-readiness of renewables, a
phasing out of coal in the German energy mix would endanger our industrial basis and
cause massive economic and social disruption. On a global level, without CCS coal (and
other fossil fuels) will most likely be used nonetheless, only then with a definitely more
serious impact on climate change.
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