Transcript Climate change mitigation Initiatives: Energy policy in relevance of

Climate Change mitigation
Initiatives:
Energy policy in compliance with
UNFCC and Kyoto targets
Dina Bērziņa
University of Latvia, ASI,
Raiņa blvd.19, Rīga, Latvia;
United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change
(UN FCCC – 1992 )
 Sets an ultimate objective stabilization of
greenhouse gas concentrations in the
atmosphere at a level that would prevent
dangerous anthropogenic interference with the
climate system
Kyoto Protocol to the UN FCCC
(1997)
 Party Quantified emission limitation or reduction
commitment (percentage of 1990 year)
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
108
92
92
92
94
95
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
92
92
94
110
92
92
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation
Slovakia
101
94
92
92
100
92
Japan
94
Slovenia
92
Denmark
92
Latvia
92
Spain
92
Estonia
92
Lithuania
92
Sweden
92
European Community
92
Luxembourg
92
Ukraine
Finland
92
Netherlands
France
92
New Zealand
92 United Kingdom
100 USA
100
92
Croatia
Czech Republic
92
93
Kyoto Protocol - implementation
 In the Kyoto Protocol (1997) the EU-15 assumed an
obligation to obtain an 8% reduction in its greenhouse emissions by 2008/12 relative to 1990
0%
-5%
-10%
EU-15
-15%
Acession
countries
EU-25
-20%
-25%
-30%
-35%
Position 2002
Target 2008/12
European Environment Agency (EEA)
EU Commissioner for Energy
moved forward three goals for
energy policy:
 competitiveness;
 sustainability;
 security;
Andris Piebalgs
European CO2 Capture and Storage Conference,
Brussels, 13 April 2005
Power generation in the EU (1)
 EU enlargement means new challenges
for the energy market;
 By 2020 EU will need to install 100 000
MW extra and 200 000 MW to replace
for age reason
EC, European Energy and Transport Trends to 2030
Power generation in the EU (2)
 By 2020 EU will need to install 100 000 MW extra
and 200 000 MW to replace for age reason
40%
35%
30%
Oil
Natural gas
Coal
Nuclear
Hydro/other
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
2003
2020
EC, European Energy and Transport Trends to 2030
Energy consumption
 World Energy Outlook 2004 shows that global
energy consumption will rise by 60% in 2030
Accordingly CO2 emission will increase from preset
24 bn t to 38 bn t. The annual growth rates for
primary energy consumption will be 1.8% and for
power consumption and generation – 2.5%
World Energy Outlook 2004
 Objective
Energy in FP7 (1)
Transforming the current fossil-fuel based energy system
into a more sustainable one based on a diverse
portfolio of energy sources and carriers combined with
enhanced energy efficiency, to address the pressing
challenges of security of supply and climate change,
whilst increasing the competitiveness of Europe’s
energy industries
 Rationale
The urgency to develop adequate and timely
solutions is justified by the alarming trends in
global energy demand, the need to curb
dramatically emissions of greenhouse gases to
mitigate the devastating consequences of climate
change, the damaging volatility of oil prices
Energy in FP7 (2)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Activities
Hydrogen and fuel cells;
Renewable electricity generation ;
Renewable fuel production;
Renewables for heating and cooling;
CO2 capture and storage technologies for zero
emission power generation;
Clean coal technologies;
Smart energy networks;
Energy efficiency and savings;
Knowledge for energy policy making
Climate Change Mitigation
Programme in Latvia 2005 –
20010 (1)
Ministru kabineta 2005.gada 6.aprīļa rīkojums Nr.220
“Par Klimata pārmaiņu samazināšanas programmu
2005. - 2010.gadam”
 Priorities in the energy sector related to climate
change mitigation:
1. raise of energy efficiency,
2. design of ecologically acceptable transport system,
3. implementation of best available and cleaner
technologies.
Climate Change Mitigation
Programme in Latvia 2005 –
20010 (2)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Activity scope to meet climate change mitigation:
increase of renewable resources in energy sector,
increase of energy usage efficiency,
development of environmentally sound transport system,
promotion of best available and cleaner technologies usage,
promotion of environmentally safe agricultural technologies
without direct GHG emissions,
increase of CO2 attraction in forestry,
development of comprehensive waste management system
by capture of biogas in landfills,
participation in trading of emission quotas and other Kyoto
mechanisms,
promote enforcement of environmental management
systems