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Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) Biogeochemistry of Wetlands Science and Applications June 23 – 26, 2008 Gainesville, Florida Wetland Biogeochemistry Laboratory Soil and Water Science Department University of Florida Instructors: Mark Clark; Patrick Inglett; James Jawitz; Todd Osborne K. Ramesh Reddy 7/17/2015 WBL 1 Biogeochemistry of Wetlands Science and Applications Course Objectives The objective of this course is to provide participants with the basic concepts involved in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, metals, and toxic organic compounds in wetlands and aquatic systems. The Environmental and ecological significance of biogeochemical processes will be described in relation to elemental cycling, water quality, carbon sequestration, and global climate change 7/17/2015 WBL 2 Biogeochemistry of Wetlands Science and Applications Course Modules Course Modules Introduction Wetland types and communities Wetland hydrology Biogeochemical properties Electrochemical properties Soil oxygen demand Adaptation of plants to wetland soil anaerobiosis Carbon cycling processes Nitrogen cycling processes Phosphorus cycling processes Sulfur cycling processes Iron, manganese, and other metals Toxic organic compounds Soil-water exchange processes Biogeochemical indicators Novel processes and new tools 7/17/2015 WBL 3 Biogeochemistry of Wetlands Science and Applications Lecture Outline Introduction for lecture topic Learning objectives Basic principles related to the topic Examples of current research Examples of applications to address real world problems Key points learned from the topic 7/17/2015 WBL 4 Biogeochemistry of Wetlands Science and Applications Learning Objectives Define biogeochemical features of wetlands Define Hydrologic processes Understand the differences among different wetland soils Describe oxidation-reduction reactions in wetlands Understand the organic matter decomposition processes and longterm storage of nutrients and contaminants Determine the role of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycling processes in regulating water quality Understand the role of metals in regulating nutrient mobility and reactivity Define the role of exchange processes between soil and water column on water quality Identify key biogeochemical indicators for wetland assessment 7/17/2015 WBL 5 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY The study of exchange or flux of materials between living and non-living components of the biosphere G. E. Hutchinson (1944) 7/17/2015 WBL 6 BIOGEOCHEMISTS Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky 1863-1945 G. Evelyn Hutchinson 1901-1991 http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/lefa/Hutchinson.html http://www.answers.com/topic/biogeochemistry?cat=technology Fertilizers, Animal wastes Biosolids, Wastewater Uplands Sink/source Wetlands Sink/source Aquatic Systems Sink/source 7/17/2015 WBL 8 Biogeochemical Cycles – Organic Matter in a Wetland N C P S 7/17/2015 WBL 9 Biogeochemistry of wetlands Plant biomass P Inflow Periphyton P Litterfall POP DIP DOP Peat accretion . DIP [Black Box] DIP 7/17/2015 PIP DIP DOP DOP Outflow POP Adsorbed P WBL PIP [Fe, Al or Cabound P] 10 OXYGEN PHOSPHORUS NITROGEN Carbon [Plant detritus, microbial biomass, and soil organic matter] SULFUR METALS XENOBIOTICS 7/17/2015 WBL 11 Biogeochemical Processes Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfur Metals Toxic Organics Physical Chemical Biological 7/17/2015 WBL 12 Spatial and Temporal Scales landscapes, watersheds global, regions, states Time km >1,000 km soil aggregate clay particle, microbes m mm pedons, field plots um nm Atoms, molecules Length Loading Plant Community Hydroperiod Organic Matter Carbon (productivity) (Carbon) Sulfur Cycle Sulfur Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen cycle Phosphorus Phosphorus Cycle Cycle Stable Organic Matter (P Accretion/Stability) (Accretion/Stability) 7/17/2015 WBL 14 Biogeochemical Cycles – Linkages Physical Processes Chemical Processes Organic Matter N C Biological Processes P S Climate Change Carbon Sequestration 7/17/2015 WBL Eutrophication 15 Biogeochemical Cycles – Linkages at Global Scale Increased nutrient loads …high primary productivity ..eutrophication High primary productivity ….increased rates of organic matter accumulation… carbon sequestration High carbon sequestration in soils ..increased rates of microbial activities Increased rates of microbial activities … increased levels of greenhouse gases Increased levels of greenhouse gases….climate change 7/17/2015 WBL 16 Biogeochemistry of Wetlands Science and Applications Upon completion of this course, participants should be able to: Unique features of wetland ecosystems Identify role of soils as long-term integrators of elemental storage and ecosystem processes Describe basic concepts on elemental cycling in soil and water column of wetlands Define the role of organic matter decomposition processes and long-term accretion of nutrients and contaminants Assess the nitrogen processing capacity of wetlands Evaluate the phosphorus retention capacity of wetlands Define the fate of sulfur, metals, and toxic organic compounds in wetlands Describe the role of exchange processes between soil and water column on internal load Identify key biogeochemical indicators for wetland monitoring and assessment 7/17/2015 WBL 17 Biogeochemistry of Wetlands 7/17/2015 http://wetlands.ifas.ufl.edu http://soils.ifas.ufl.edu WBL 18