Transcript Workshop 1: Signal Conditioning Circuit Design

Water Resources
Challenges in Illinois
On Children
Your children are not your children.
They are the sons and daughters of Life's longing for itself.
They come through you but not from you,
And though they are with you yet they belong not to you.
You may give them your love but not your thoughts,
For they have their own thoughts.
You may house their bodies but not their souls,
For their souls dwell in the house of tomorrow,
which you cannot visit, not even in your dreams.
You may strive to be like them,
but seek not to make them like you.
For life goes not backward nor tarries with yesterday.
You are the bows from which your children
as living arrows are sent forth.
Kahlil Gibran
The world depends
on water . . .
If all the earth’s
water were fit into
a gallon jug, the
available fresh
water would be
equal to just over a
tablespoon, less
than 0.5% of the
total
Source: National Geographic Special Edition: Water: The Power, Promise, and Turmoil of North America's Fresh Water (Volume 184, Number
Future
challenges
Goldewijk (2008)
(http://www.grida.no/publications/rr/food-crisis/)
Jenkins and Ferrier, 2009
(http://images.pennnet.com/articles/wwi/cap/cap_water%20climate
%2001.gif)
Climate Change
Source:
http://www.whrc.org/resources/primer_fundamentals.html
Climate change
Source: IPCC (2007)
Source: Davis (2010), Science
Potential Impacts of Climate Change
Source: Stern Review, 2008 (http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/projected-impacts-of-climate-change)
Potential Impacts of Climate Change
Sea Level Rise and water
resources
o
o
Global average sea level will rise
between 0.3 and 2.9 feet (0.09 to 0.88
meters) in the next century.
Increasing temperatures are likely to
lead to changes in precipitation.
(Source: IPCC, 2001)
Extreme Storms
o
Climate change has the potential to alter
the prevalence and severity of extremes
such as heat waves, cold waves, storms,
floods and droughts.
Potential Impacts of Climate Change
Ecosystems and
Biodiversity
o
Climate change has the potential
to alter ecosystems and the many
resources and services they
provide to each other and to
society.
Health
o
Extreme temperatures (hot or
cold) can directly lead to loss of
life, while climate-related
disturbances in ecological
systems, such as changes in the
range of disease-carrying insects,
can impact the incidence of
infectious diseases.
Potential Impacts of Climate Change
Agriculture and Food
Supply
o
Agriculture is highly sensitive to
climate variability and weather
extremes.
Global Economic Activity
o
The economic effects of climate
change could be as high as 20%
of global GDP each year. (Stern,
2007)
Vulnerabilities of water resources
Observational records and climate projections provide abundant evidence that freshwater resources are
vulnerable and have the potential to be strongly impacted by climate change, with wide-ranging consequences
for human societies and ecosystems. (IPCC, 2008)
Water Quality
HYPOXIA
HYPOXIA
http://the-mound-ofsound.blogspot.com/2013/08/how-agribusiness-is-poisoning-our.html
Extent of Gulf Hypoxia, 2010
AREA, GULF OF MEXICO HYPOXIC ZONE
Long term
Average
Action
Plan
Goal
N. Rabalais, LUMCON
Nutrient contributions to the Gulf, by State
1849-1850, 1855
Congress passes Swamp
Land Acts
Illinois
1,460,164 acres
A swamp at the mountain's base,
Pollutes all that has yet been
gained;
To drain this pestiferous place,
Is still the goal to be attained.
Estimates of prairie acreage, 1820 and 1976,
for counties in east-central Illinois
Ford
McLean
Piatt
Champaign
Vermillion
Edgar
Douglas
1820
297,100
669,800
254,000
592,300
449,500
257,600
223,100
1976
6.4
5.0
0.0
1.0
4.1
0.0
1.0
Source: Changing Illinois Environment: Critical Trends, 1994.
Wetland Values and Functions
Flood Flow Storage and Attenuation
Fish and Shellfish Habitat
Groundwater Recharge/Discharge
Production Export (Nutrient)
Nutrient Removal/Transformation
Recreation
Uniqueness/Heritage
Wildlife Habitat
Visual Quality/Aesthetics
Educational/Scientific Value
Threatened or Endangered Species Habitat
Sediment/Toxicant/Pathogen Retention
Sediment/Shoreline Stabilization
http://www.utahwatersheds.com/resources/PPT/Wetland_Deliniation.pptx
1985, 1990
Congress Passes Food Security
Act and Amendments with
“Swampbuster” Provisions
Swampbuster Provisions
The Wetland Conservation provision (Swampbuster) of
the 1985 and 1990 farm bills requires all agricultural
producers to protect the wetlands on the farms they own
or operate if they want to be eligible for USDA farm
program benefits. Producers will not be eligible if they
plant an agricultural commodity on a converted wetland
that was converted by drainage, leveling, or any other
means after December 23, 1985, or convert a wetland for
the purpose of or to make agricultural commodity
production possible after November 28, 1990.
http://www.utahwatersheds.com/resources/PPT/Wetland_Deliniation.pptx
Restoration of Flood
Plains and Wetlands
Wetlands can be used for
recreation and wildlife habitat
W/W Ratio
0.57 2.16 2.25
(%)
Nitrate
28
Removal (%)
68
78
Crumpton, Kovacic, Hey, Kostel
Potential of Restored and Constructed Wetlands to Reduce Nutrient Export
from Agricultural Watersheds in the Corn Belt
Self-sustaining
Ditches
Compound Channels
Natural channels often have a main
channel and an overbank section.
Overbank Section
Main Channel
Ward
Uniform Open Channel Flow
Hansen, Wilson, Magner, Nieber
Geomorphic Characteristics of Drainage Ditches in Southern Minnesota, and
the concept of a Two-Stage Ditch Design
Hansen, Wilson, Magner, Nieber
Geomorphic Characteristics of Drainage Ditches in Southern Minnesota, and
the concept of a Two-Stage Ditch Design
Drainage System
Layout
System Layout
System Layout
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Cost Differential: $50/acre
Invasive Species
5 invasive species
(3 animals, 2 plants)