Transcript Slide 1

The current work on Air Quality Indicators
Best needed “Population exposure” vs.
Best available “Population weighted concentrations”
Ute Luksch, Eurostat E3
National monitoring station networks and limit values
Different concepts: CSI, revised and non-revised SI
SIs on air quality: the year 2001 and future work
MEETING OF THE WORKING PARTY ON HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
LUXEMBOURG, 19 SEPTEMBER 2005
Environment
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Ozone
stations
EEA Topic Report
3/2003
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Number of stations in the EU countries for which data for
components of the daughter directives were
available in AirBase, 2002 ( Data: D=daily, H= hourly)
AirBase
stations
ETC/ACC
Technical
paper
2004/1
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Limit values
Directive 1999/30 (PM) and 2002/3 (Ozone)
 Concentration
 24-hour average PM10 concentration above 50µg/m³
 8-hour average ozone concentration above 120µg/m³
 Exceedance
 35 times per calendar year for PM10
 25 days per calendar year for ozone
 Annual mean PM10 concentrations
 2005: yearly mean above 40µg/m³
 2010: yearly mean above 20µg/m³
‘PM10' = particulate matter which passes through a size-selective inlet with a 50 % efficiency cutoff at 10 µm aerodynamic diameter (diameter of a spherical particle having a density of 1 gm/cm3
that has the same inertial properties in the gas as the particle of interest).
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EEA’s CSI 004 “Exceedance of air quality
limit values in urban areas”
 Definition: Fraction of the urban population
potentially exposed to ambient air concentrations
of pollutants.
 The urban population: Total number of people living
in cities with at least one monitoring station.
 EU Limit value set for protection of human health
(Limit values: “concentration” & “exceedence”)
 Unit: Percentage of the urban population in Europe
potentially exposed to ambient air pollution
Source: European Environment Agency’s Core Set of Indicators.
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DG ENV‘s revised SIs on Air Quality
 Definition: Urban background measurements of
ambient air pollution in agglomerations weighted by
the population in this agglomeration
 Units
 Annual mean concentration of particulate matter (µg/m³)
 Sum of daily maximum 8-hour mean concentrations of
ozone over 35 ppb (µg/m³ day)
Source: DG ENV’s Technical fiches on proposed improvements of Structural Indicators on air quality.
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SIs - a break down by country
 Non-revised: “Population exposure” for the years
1998,2000,2001in % of urban population
 Revised: “Population weighted concentrations” for
the years 2001, 2002,2003 in µg/m³ (PM10) and
in µg/m³ day (Ozone)
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Non-revised SI on PM10
Population exposure in % of urban population exposed to levels
exceeding limit values
100
80
60
40
20
0
EU-15
EU-25
AT
BE
CZ
DK
EE
EL
1998
2000
ES
FI
FR
NL
PT
SE
SI
SK
UK
2001
Sources: European Environment Agency, European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change
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Revised SI on PM10
Population weighted concentration (µg/m³)
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
EU-15
EU-25
AT
BE
CZ
DK
EE
EL
2001
2002
ES
FI
FR
NL
PT
SE
SI
SK
UK
2003
Sources: European Environment Agency, European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change
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Non-revised SI on Ozone
Population exposure in % of urban population exposed to levels
exceeding limit values
100
80
60
40
20
0
EU-15
EU-25
AT
BE
CZ
DK
EE
EL
1998
2000
ES
FI
FR
NL
PT
SE
SI
SK
UK
2001
Sources: European Environment Agency, European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change
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Revised SI on Ozone
Population weighted SOMO35 (µg/m³ day)
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
EU-15
EU-25
AT
BE
CZ
DK
EE
EL
2001
2002
ES
FI
FR
NL
PT
SE
SI
SK
UK
2003
Sources: European Environment Agency, European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change
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“Population exposure” – best needed?
 Black or white solution (100% or 0%; values between
0% and 100% are calculated as a mean over several
stations).
 Too sensitive to
 quality problems in the national monitoring station networks:
more than 100 urban stations (DE, FR) vs. less than 5 (DK,
IE, SE).
 malfunctions of a station (e.g. no measurements for some
days, too high or too low values)
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Future Work
 Best available “Population weighted concentrations”
 Possible modifications for SUMO35: No cut off for the
natural ozone background (35ppb ozone) and mean instead
of a sum (unit “µg/m³” instead of “µg/m³ day”)
 Quality Assessment for the revised SIs (accuracy,
comparability across countries and over time)
 “Population exposure” – a long term solution
 Improvements in the national monitoring station networks
(very expensive)
 or using modeled data (in cooperation with EMEP*)
*Co-operative programme for monitoring and evaluation of the long-range transmissions of air
pollutants in Europe, UN Economic Commission for Europe
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